The Great Divorce: Chapter 2

Summary

The Tousle-Headed Poet explains that his parents never appreciated him. The schools he attended, the education system in general and capitalism all failed to recognize his genius. During the War, he was a conscientious objector and moved to America. After money troubles and poor treatment by a girl, he jumped under a train. He is convinced that, while all the others would return, he would stay at their destination and finally receive the recognition he deserved.

A fight breaks out in the bus. Nobody is hurt, but when it is over, our protagonist finds himself at a different seat with a new companion, an Intelligent Man with a large nose and bowler hat. His new companion explains to him why the town seems so empty, that everyone there is so quarrelsome that they keep moving further and further away from each other.

Some residents of the town are identified: Tamberlaine, Genghis Khan, Julius Caesar, Henry the Fifth and Nepoleon. Some had gone to visit Napoleon, a journey which took fifteen thousand years. They found a huge house in the middle of nowhere with Napoleon “Walking up and down-up and down… never stopping for a moment…muttering to himself all the time. ‘It was Soult’s fault. It was Ney’s fault. It was Josephine’s fault…’”

At this point, the Intelligent Man shares his plan. He says “there’s no proper economic basis for any community life. If they needed real shops, chaps would have to stay near where the real shops were… It’s scarcity that enables a society to exist”. His solution is to “come back with some real commodities” which he could sell, forcing people to live nearby. This would also provide  “safety in numbers”, particularly when the dusk eventually turns to night… The Big Man and the others tell the Intelligent Man to shut up, under threat of violence.

A nearby passenger, “A fat clean-shaven man, tells Lewis that “there is not a shred of evidence that this twilight is ever going to turn into a night. There has been a revolution of opinion on that in educated circles”, arguing instead that it is a precursor to the dawn. He rejects the Intelligent Man’s “earth-bound” desire for “real commodities”.

The greyness outside begins to subside and the bus is fulfilled with light. Our protagonist goes to open the window, but it is forcefully shut by the Intelligent Man. The Big Man encourages him to hit Lewis. The cruel light reveals the “distorted and faded” faces. Then Lewis then sees his own reflection in a mirror…

Questions

Q1. What is the sin of the tousle-haired poet? What is he expecting to find in Heaven?

Q2. According to the Intelligent Ghost, why does The Grey Town seem so empty?

Q3. What solution does the Intelligent Ghost present?

Q4. What spiritual lesson can you draw from the way houses are constructed in The Grey Town and their poor function?

Q5. How would you describe the outlook of the “fat clean-shaven man”?

Q6. What does the light reveal?

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The Great Divorce Notes and Discussion Guide

I thought it would be good to pull together all of my notes from our reading group’s discussion of The Great Divorce by C.S. Lewis.

Chapters

Below are links to the blog posts for each chapter which contain my notes and discussion questions:

Preface
Chapter 01 | Chapter 02 | Chapter 03 | Chapter 04 | Chapter 05 | Chapter 06 | Chapter 07
Chapter 08 | Chapter 09 | Chapter 10 | Chapter 11 | Chapter 12 | Chapter 13 | Chapter 14

Downloads

Below are PDF versions of the above notes, one for the facilitator (which contains the discussion questions) and one for participates (which just contains an extended summary of each chapter).

The Great Divorce: Chapter 1

Summary

We open with Lewis standing in a bus queue. He’s been wandering in continual twilight through The Grey Town in the rain. Other than the bus queue, the town appears to be deserted.

As he joins the queue, a couple argue and they both leave.  

The Short Man in front of him makes a disparaging comment about “the sort of society” in the bus queue. After Lewis fails to respond to the slight, The Big Man  punches The Short Man who limps away.

Next, a young, seemingly androgynous, couple leave arm in arm, “it was clear that each for the moment preferred the other to the chance of a place in the bus”.

A woman four places ahead complains “We shall never all get in”. A man offers to change places with her for five shillings, but he then double-crosses her. The rest of the group throw her out of the line.

We get the impression that events like this continue to happen for some time until “the queue had reduced itself to manageable proportions long before the bus appeared”. The bus is a stunning vehicle, driven by a driver who is “full of light”. To our protagonist’s puzzlement, the driver’s appearance raises the ire of those in the queue. They all push and shove to get into the bus but, in the end, there is plenty of room for all.

Our man sits at the back of the bus, a good distance away from the others, but is immediately joined by “a tousle-headed youth who sees in our protagonist a kindred spirit. He comments on his bewilderment at the other passengers, saying they “won’t like it at all when we get there, and they’d really be much more comfortable at home” where “they’ve got cinemas and fish and chip shops and advertisements and all the sorts of things they want”. He says he ought to have taken the bus as soon as he arrived, but he’d “fooled about trying to wake people up”. It becomes clear that this man is a poet and, to our protagonist’s horror, he is about to show him some of his poetry… It is at this point Lewis realizes that the bus is now airborne and he looks out of the window to see the Grey Town disappearing below into the rain and the mist.

Questions

Q1. What words would you use to describe The Grey Town?

Q2. What do you make of the different members of the queue? The arguing couple, The Short Man, The Big Man, The Androgynous Couple, The woman who pays to change places with the man who cheats her…

Q3. In what way do the characters in the line each display one of the Seven Deadly Sins? Envy, Gluttony, Greed, Lust, Pride, Sloth, Wrath

Q4. In what ways are the members of the bus stop similar? In what ways are they different from each other?

Q5. Why do you think the line for the bus is so short? Why do people so easily leave the line?

Q6. Why do you think the members of the queue react so badly to the driver?

Q7. Do you think the tousle-headed youth represents anyone in particular?

Q8. Why does the tousle-headed youth think that the others would be happier staying in the town?

Q9. Who do you think Cyril Blellow was?

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The Great Divorce: Preface

Summary

Lewis opens the book by referring to “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell” by William Blake (1790’s). Jack says that the temptation to wed the two is perennial, to turn evil into good without renunciation. Instead, getting to Heaven requires that we will let go of some things: “You cannot take all luggage with you on all journeys;…If we insist on keeping Hell (or even Earth) we shall not see Heaven: if we accept Heaven we shall not be able to retain even the smallest and most intimate souvenirs of Hell.” However, what we must give up will ultimately have been utterly insignificant! Not only that, when we look back, Earth will be seen to be a preliminary region of either Heaven or Hell.

Jack ends by emphasizing that this story is simply a fantasy, “an imaginative supposal”, which he is using to communicate spiritual truths. It is not a strict theology of what happens to us after death.

Questions

Q1. What was the inspiration behind this book?

Q2. In what ways do you think people imagine we can wed Heaven and Hell?

Q3. From Mere Christianity, how did Lewis understand the nature of evil? How does this demonstrate the problem with trying to wed Heaven and Hell?

Q4. What does Lewis mean when he says that we can’t take all luggage on all journeys? To what is he referring when he talks about leaving behind a “right hand” or “right eye”? How does this relate to the conception of the Christian transformation described in Mere Christianity?

Q5. According to Lewis, if we go off-track, what must we do to get to our destination? If we get the wrong answer to a sum, what should we do?

Q6. What will happen if we insist on keeping Hell, or even Earth?

Q7. From where did Lewis get the idea of unbreakable matter?

Q8. Is Lewis describing what he believes the afterlife is like?

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