"We are travellers…not yet in our native land" – St. Augustine
As I’ve noted in my posts about the Qur’an, the context of the each chapters of the Qur’an is often far from clear, at least from the text alone. I recently found a page on the website whose surah chronology I’m following which also provides contextual information for each chapter:
I hope everyone had a nice Christmas. If you had to go to work today, then you can at least comfort yourself with the knowledge that I’ve waded through 109 verses to bring you this commentary on Surah 10:
Surah 10 – “Jonah” (Yunus)
The opening few pages of this chapter are pretty standard stuff:
Happy Christmas everyone! I hope your day is filled with joy. As for me, I’m working my way through a very long chapter of the Qur’an…
Surah 17 – “The Night Journey” (Al-Isra)
This chapter begins with an brief reference to event which gives its name to this chapter: The Night Journey. We are told that, in a single night, Muhammad travelled from Mecca to Jerusalem. There’s a second journey made later that night to Heaven, but it is not mentioned in this chapter.
Then begins some teaching concerning the Children of Israel. We are told that Allah “gave Moses the Scripture and made it a guidance for [them]”. Again, there is no indication that the Hebrew scriptures have been corrupted at all.
After a brief mention of Noah, we are told that Allah told the Children of Israel that they would “surely cause corruption on the earth twice” and he promised punishment on both of these occasions.
1. On the first occasion, Allah promised that a servant of His, someone with great military power, would invade their homes. He then promised that the Israelites would eventually be victorious.
2. On the second occasion, Allah sent enemies who entered the Jerusalem Temple and destroyed it.
I’m not exactly sure which events are being described here, since we are given very little information. The destruction of the Temple was done first by the Babylonians and then by the Romans.
Today we return (again) to the story of Moses and encounter some notable differences between the Qur’an and the account found in the Hebrew Bible…
Surah 28 – “The story” (Al-Qasas)
We open again with the assertion that the Qur’an is “a clear Book”.
We jump to Egypt and are told about the Pharaoh who persecuted the Children of Israel. The Qur’an describes this rather strangely, saying that “[Pharaoh] made [the people of the land] into factions, oppressing a sector among them”. This “sector” is assumed to be the Israelites. However, things get weirder still. We are told that one of Pharaoh’s ministers is a man called “Haman”. Now, there is a man in the Old Testament by that name, who was indeed a government minister and who also sought the downfall of Israel. However, this man lived in a different land and in a different time period, when the Children of Israel were saved by the intercession of Queen Ester. It should also be noted that the when baby Moses is brought into the royal household, it is Pharaoh’s wife, not his daughter, who is his principal saviour.
Today’s chapter, Surah 27, is quite an extraordinary chapter, focussing in particular on the Queen of Sheba and King Solomon:
Surah 27 – “The Ants” (An-Naml)
We open today’s reading with the affirmation mentioned in yesterday’s passage, that the Qur’an is “a clear Book”.
We have some general statements about prayer, giving and belief in “the Hereafter” (judgement, Paradise and Hell). Those who don’t believe in the Hereafter will receive “the worst of punishment” and will be “the greatest losers”.
The story of Moses and the Burning Bush is briefly recounted. One amusing detail in the Qur’anic version is that when Moses’ staff transforms into a snake, he freaks out and runs away! Another interesting point in this retelling is that the miracle of the staff and Moses’ hand will be “among the nine signs [you will take to Pharaoh]”. This number of signs doesn’t tally with anything we get in the Old Testament, but the number nine does have some signifance in Isalm. We’ll actually encounter it once more before the end of today’s chapter.
The focus now switches to King Solomon, who claims to “have been taught the language of birds”. This doesn’t appear just to be a poetic turn of phrase as events are recounted where he communicates with birds, as well as with an ant.
Weighing in at 227 verses, today’s chapter is one of the longest I’ve read thus far…
Surah 26 – “The poets” (Ash-Shuara)
This surah opens with an assertion which we’ll see a lot of in future chapters, that “[the Qur’an is a] clear Book”. I have the suspicion that there is some historical context behind the introduction to this affirmation.
The text then goes on to say that Allah could have sent down some uncontrovertable sign if he had wanted, but that the people have already denied the sign of the earth itself, with its abundance of life.
The last couple of chapters have covered new and interesting material, focussing on the Biblical characters such Moses and the Blessed Mother. Today, however, we return to the Qur’an’s sweet spot: judgment, Heaven and Hell.
Surah 56 – “The inevitable” (Al-Waqia)
A portrait of the Resurrection is painted, a day when “the earth is shaken” and “mountains are broken down”. We are told that mankind will become “[of] three types”:
I’m not exactly sure what makes “The Forerunners” distinct from “The Companions of the right”.