{"id":66697,"date":"2018-01-18T07:00:12","date_gmt":"2018-01-18T14:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/?p=66697"},"modified":"2018-01-22T15:44:01","modified_gmt":"2018-01-22T22:44:01","slug":"sunday-lectionary-vocation-and-mission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2018\/01\/18\/sunday-lectionary-vocation-and-mission\/","title":{"rendered":"Sunday Lectionary: Vocation and Mission"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Several years ago when I ran a weekly Bible Study, I would post <a href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/lectionary\/\" target=\"_blank\">my commentary on the Sunday Mass Readings.<\/a>\u00a0One of my friends who leads a weekly Bible Study is in Washington DC at the moment for the March For Life and has asked me to host the group in her absence.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, <a href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2012\/01\/17\/sunday-lectionary-you-called-i-answered\/\" target=\"_blank\">I already had some notes for this coming Sunday&#8217;s readings<\/a>, but I spent some time updating them in preparation for tonight&#8217;s discussion. So, in case you&#8217;re interested, here they are&#8230;<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3rd Week of Ordinary Time<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2>Opening Prayer<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Lord, inspire me to read your Scriptures and to meditate upon them day and night. I beg you to give me real understanding of what I need, that I in turn may put its precepts into practice. Yet, I know that understanding and good intentions are worthless, unless rooted in your graceful love. So I ask that the words of Scripture may also be not just signs on a page, but channels of grace into my heart. Amen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">&#8211;\u00a0Origen of Alexandria (2nd Century)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Introduction<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last week\u2019s Readings focused on <\/span><b>God\u2019s call<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to us. In turn, this week\u2019s Readings focus upon <\/span><b>our response to Him<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, our <\/span><b>vocation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><b>mission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Oh yes&#8230;and fish.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Having before you many examples of sinners who repented and were saved, be you also earnest in confessing to the Lord, that you may receive pardon for past sins, be made worthy of the heavenly gift, and inherit the kingdom of heaven with all the saints.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">&#8211; St. Cyril of Jerusalem (c. AD 386)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the First Reading we hear of how Jonah (eventually) responded to God\u2019s call and then how the <\/span><b>people of Nineveh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> responded to God through the message of His Prophet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the Gospel we hear Jesus\u2019 message: <\/span><b>repent and believe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Kingdom is at hand. He calls <\/span><b>four fishermen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to come and follow him, simple men who, later when He is gone, will become great <\/span><b>pillars in His Church<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Readings<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Reading I: Jonah 3:1-5, 10<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Book Facts:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Set in the reign of Jeroboam II (786\u2013746 BC), it was probably written in the post-exilic period, some time between the late 5th to early 4th century BC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unlike the other Prophets, the book of Jonah is almost entirely narrative, with the exception of the psalm in chapter 2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jonah is sometimes known as \u201cThe Reluctant Prophet\u201d. He did not want to go and preach to the people of Nineveh but did everything he possibly could to get out of his divinely-appointed assignment. In fact, he fled in the opposite direction! However, after his little stay in the belly of a sea creature he undertook the task that God had originally assigned him. The ideogram for Nineveh rather amusingly means \u201cplace of fish\u201d. It would appear that the man who was once fish food was to now become a fisherman\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Full Text:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The word of the LORD came to Jonah, saying: \u201cSet out for the great city of Nineveh, and announce to it the message that I will tell you.\u201d So Jonah made ready and went to Nineveh, according to the LORD\u2019S bidding.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now Nineveh was an enormously large city; it took three days to go through it. Jonah began his journey through the city, and had gone but a single day\u2019s walk announcing, \u201cForty days more and Nineveh shall be destroyed,\u201d when the people of Nineveh believed God; they proclaimed a fast and all of them, great and small, put on sackcloth.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When God saw by their actions how they turned from their evil way, he repented of the evil that he had threatened to do to them; he did not carry it out.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Questions:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is the background to this week\u2019s First Reading? What happened beforehand? Had Jonah wanted this mission?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where was Nineveh? What does this tell us about God?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does it mean to be a prophet?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What did Jonah preach? What is the significance of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cForty days\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is the result of his preaching? What does this tell us about free-will? What is the significance of the people\u2019s actions? What place do these actions have in the liturgical life of the Church?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is God\u2019s response? What does this tell us about God? What does it mean when we say that God <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201crepented\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">? Surely God does no <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cevil\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What happens in the story after this? What can we learn from it?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When is Jonah mentioned in the New Testament? In what context?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Commentary:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The word of the LORD came to Jonah, saying: \u201cSet out for the great city of Nineveh, and announce to it the message that I will tell you.\u201d So Jonah made ready and went to Nineveh, according to the LORD\u2019S bidding.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To be a prophet is to speak on behalf of God, rather than necessarily to predict the future. In this case Jonah is doing both \u2013 he is <\/span><b>delivering a message<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on behalf of God and telling the Ninevites of a <\/span><b><i>possible<\/i><\/b><b> future<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> if they continue on their current course.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is worth noting that Nineveh was not in Israel, but the <\/span><b>capital of Assyria<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Gentile land. \u00a0Assyria had <\/span><b>destroyed Israel in 721 B.C<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. From this we can see that, even in the days of Jonah, Yahweh was concerned with the lives of those outside of His people of Israel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the New Testament<\/span><b> Christ compares Himself to Jonah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> when speaking of his Death and Resurrection:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[Jesus] answered, \u201cA wicked and adulterous generation asks for a sign! But none will be given it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. \u00a0For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. The men of Nineveh will stand up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and now something greater than Jonah is here. The Queen of the South will rise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for she came from the ends of the earth to listen to Solomon\u2019s wisdom, and now something greater than Solomon is here. \u2013 Matthew 12:39-42<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Jonah we see a <\/span><b>\u201ctype\u201d of Christ<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Not only in Christ\u2019s <\/span><b>resurrection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but in the proclamation of the Gospel to the <\/span><b>Gentiles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now Nineveh was an enormously large city; it took three days to go through it. Jonah began his journey through the city, and had gone but a single day\u2019s walk announcing, \u201cForty days more and Nineveh shall be destroyed&#8221;\u2026 <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Archaeologists say that the city had more than <b>120,000 inhabitants<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Forty days signals a time of change, preparation and conversion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As with all prophetic warnings, <\/span><b>God\u2019s desire <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">is not for destruction, but for <\/span><b>repentance so that He may show His mercy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2026when the people of Nineveh believed God; they proclaimed a fast and all of them, great and small, put on sackcloth.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Ninevites respond favourably to Jonah\u2019s preaching, taking his warning seriously and<\/span><b> responding with signs of repentance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by fasting and wearing of sackcloth (a coarse garment usually made of goat hair).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The phrase that they <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cbelieved God\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is reminiscent of Abraham in Genesis 15:6 where he is counted as righteous. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As to whether they simply headed Jonah\u2019s <\/span><b>warning <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">or became <\/span><b>worshipers <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">exclusively of Yahweh is unclear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When God saw by their actions how they turned from their evil way, he repented of the evil that he had threatened to do to them; he did not carry it out.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this passage the people of Nineveh repent, but so too does God! <\/span><b>To <span style=\"color: #993300\">\u201crepent\u201d<\/span> means to change one\u2019s mind, to do an about turn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The people of Nineveh change their minds. They turn from sin and towards God. Because of this, God \u201cchanges His mind\u201d and does not visit destruction upon them. This is an anthropomorphic description of God, since he is, of course, unchangeable. St. <\/span><b>Thomas Aquinas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> deals with this in detail in ST 1. Q 19. A7. There is no Hebrew word for \u201csuffering\u201d, which is why the text uses the word <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cevil\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If we read the verses following this extract we find out that Jonah is not at all pleased with the city\u2019s response to his preaching:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><b><i> But to Jonah this seemed very wrong, and he became angry<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. He prayed to the LORD, \u201cIsn\u2019t this what I said, LORD, when I was still at home? That is what I tried to forestall by fleeing to Tarshish. I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in love, a God who relents from sending calamity.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jonah wanted the city to suffer God\u2019s wrath! Jonah knew of God\u2019s mercy, but didn\u2019t want Nineveh to receive it! It is rather reminiscent of the older son from the parable of the <\/span><b>Prodigal Son<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe older brother became angry and refused to go in\u2026 \u201c&#8230;when this son of yours who has squandered your property with prostitutes comes home, you kill the fattened calf for him!\u2019 \u2013 Luke 15:28-30<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How often are we grateful of God\u2019s mercy but do not choose to extend it to others?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 25:4-5, 6-7, -9<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This psalm focuses around David&#8217;s submission to the will of God, and God\u2019s discipleship and guidance of David.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Book Facts:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hymn book of Israel<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Primary authorship attributed to King David, but added to by others<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Full Text:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><b style=\"font-size: 0.95em\"><i>R. Teach me your ways, O Lord.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your ways, O LORD, make known to me;<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">teach me your paths,<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guide me in your truth and teach me,<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for you are God my savior.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Remember that your compassion, O LORD,<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and your love are from of old.<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In your kindness remember me,<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">because of your goodness, O LORD.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Good and upright is the LORD;<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">thus he shows sinners the way.<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He guides the humble to justice<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and teaches the humble his way.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Questions:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are the psalmist\u2019s requests to God?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does the psalmist describe the Lord?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Commentary:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><b style=\"font-size: 0.95em\"><i>Teach me your ways, O Lord.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Your ways, O LORD, make known to me; teach me your paths, Guide me in your truth and teach me, for you are God my savior.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These are requests for the Lord to reveal Himself and to guide His servant.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Remember that your compassion, O LORD, and your love are from of old.<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In your kindness remember me, because of your goodness, O LORD.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As he submits his request, the psalmist appeals to his <\/span><b>knowledge of God\u2019s goodness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Good and upright is the LORD; thus he shows sinners the way. He guides the humble to justice<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and teaches the humble his way.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The psalmist affirms that God is always willing to guide those who humble themselves before Him,<\/span><b> even those who are <\/b><b><i>\u201csinners\u201d<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This should give us great comfort.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Reading II: 1 Corinthians 7:29-31<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week\u2019s Second Reading comes from the section of St. Paul\u2019s letter to the Corinthians in which he talks about marriage and celibacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Book Facts:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Congregation founded by Paul himself<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Had some pretty major issues, particularly regarding divisions. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Had to write multiple letters to this Church (of which we have two)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Full Text:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I tell you, brothers and sisters, the time is running out. From now on, let those having wives act as not having them, those weeping as not weeping, those rejoicing as not rejoicing, those buying as not owning, \u00a0those using the world as not using it fully. For the world in its present form is passing away.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Questions:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is the thrust of Paul\u2019s message?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why is <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cthe time is running out\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does it mean to <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201clet those having wives act as not having them, those weeping as not weeping\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> etc?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Commentary:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I tell you, brothers and sisters, the time is running out. <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is the main point of this Reading \u2013<\/span><b> time is short<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Paul may have Jesus\u2019 <\/span><b>Second Coming<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in mind here, but it\u2019s also possible that he is more generally referring to <\/span><b>the brief nature of our existence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why, you do not even know what will happen tomorrow. What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 James 4:14<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Either way, his point stands \u2013 <\/span><b>we don\u2019t have much time<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">From now on, let those having wives act as not having them, those weeping as not weeping, those rejoicing as not rejoicing, those buying as not owning, \u00a0those using the world as not using it fully. <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I would summarize these statements thus: <\/span><b>\u201cHold onto things of this world lightly\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Paul has just affirmed that there is little time left and, in the next verse he says that world as we know it is passing away. Therefore, <\/span><b>we should not treat the world as though it is were the only reality or most important reality<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is a time for everything and a season for every activity under heaven: a time to be born and a time to die, \u2026 a time to weep and a time to laugh, a time to mourn and a time to dance\u2026 <\/span><\/i><b><i>[God] has made everything beautiful in its time. He has also set eternity in the hearts of men<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Ecclesiastes 3:1-2, 4, 11<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Gospel has the ability to <\/span><b>radically reorder and reorient our lives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, just as it did with the Ninevites in the First Reading and Apostles in this Sunday\u2019s Gospel Reading.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the world in its present form is passing away.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Paul re-affirms the <\/span><b>temporary nature of this world<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Gospel: Mark 1:14-20<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Gospel account from which we will mostly be reading this year will be Mark\u2019s. Our Reading this week comes from the beginning of that Gospel. So far Mark has described the ministry of John the Baptist. We now pick up the story at John\u2019s arrest\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Book Facts:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This will be the primary Gospel book for this year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most scholars would regard Mark as the first and earliest Gospel book<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basic Greek (beginning sentences with <span style=\"color: #993300\">\u201cAnd\u2026\u201d<\/span>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Keeps moving (repeated use of the word <span style=\"color: #993300\">\u201cimmediately\u201d<\/span> which isn&#8217;t so obvious in the NAB translation of the Lectionary)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Full Text:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After John had been arrested, Jesus came to Galilee proclaiming the gospel of God: \u201cThis is the time of fulfillment. The kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As he passed by the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and his brother Andrew casting their nets into the sea;<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">they were fishermen. Jesus said to them, \u201cCome after me, and I will make you fishers of men.\u201d Then they abandoned their nets and followed him. <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He walked along a little farther and saw James, the son of Zebedee, and his brother John. They too were in a boat mending their nets. [Immediately] Then he called them. So they left their father Zebedee in the boat along with the hired men and followed him.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Questions:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is this the same call of Simon and Andrew which we heard last week? Had Jesus met Simon, Andrew, James and John before? How do we know?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which John is being referred to in this excerpt? Why was he arrested?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why does Jesus come to Galilee? What can we learn from the fact that Andrew (and Peter) are there?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does it mean to say that <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThis is the time of fulfillment. The kingdom of God is at hand\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is this <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #993300\">\u201cgospel of God\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What role does these disciples play during Jesus\u2019 ministry?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does it mean to make someone <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cfishers of men\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why did they just drop everything and go with Jesus?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What significance do you see in that Jesus chooses fishermen?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you placed yourself within this passage, would you be in the boat with your nets or following Jesus?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What makes you want to follow Jesus?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How do all of today\u2019s readings fit together?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How might our understanding of fishing instruct us in evangelization? Over what does a fisherman have control? Over what does he NOT have control?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Commentary:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After John had been arrested\u2026<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This therefore clearly takes place some time after last week\u2019s Gospel from John where the Baptist proclaims <span style=\"color: #993300\">\u201cBehold the Lamb of God\u201d<\/span> and when the disciples follow Jesus He says <span style=\"color: #993300\">\u201cCome and see\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is referring to John<\/span><b> the Baptist<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the <\/span><b>last of the Old Testament prophets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. John was arrested because he spoke out against Herod:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now Herod had arrested John and bound him and put him in prison because of Herodias, his brother Philip\u2019s wife, for John had been saying to him: \u201cIt is not lawful for you to have her\u201d<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 Matthew 14:3-4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Herod Antipas had <\/span><b>divorced his wife and married his niece Herodias, who was married to his brother<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This was condemned under the Mosaic law:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do not have sexual relations with your brother\u2019s wife; that would dishonour your brother<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2013 Leviticus 18:16<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John will <\/span><b>eventually be beheaded <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">after<\/span><b> Salome, Herodias\u2019 daughter, dances for Herod<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and he promises to give her anything she desires in return. At the prompting of her mother she asks for the head of John the Baptist on a platter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John\u2019s arrest foreshadows Jesus\u2019 own arrest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2026Jesus came to Galilee proclaiming the gospel of God: <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><b>Jesus \u201cpicks up the baton\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> left by John and moves into the region where he had been preaching. This marks a <\/span><b>new stage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Salvation History. <\/span><b>Prophecy is over, fulfillment is at hand!<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The word <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cgospel\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u201cEvangelion\u201d) means <\/span><b>\u201cGood news\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. In ancient times <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cgospel\u201d<\/span><\/i> <b>messengers <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">were those who traveled around announcing good news, such as the <\/span><b>birth of a king<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or a recent <\/span><b>military victory<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cgospel of God\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is both the good news <\/span><b>from God<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the good news <\/span><b>about God<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThis is the time of fulfillment. The kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These are allusions to<\/span><b> Daniel 2<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Daniel prophesies that God Himself is going to set up the Kingdom. He gives a <\/span><b>chronology <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for this, saying that the everlasting <\/span><b>Kingdom <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">will be brought by the <\/span><b>Messianic <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">\u201cSon of Man\u201d<\/span> during the time of the Roman Empire.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The kingdom is a-coming! Jesus repeats the constant <\/span><b>refrain of God\u2019s prophets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> throughout history: turn to God and put your trust in Him. <\/span><b>Turn away from sin and turn towards God<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Repentance is a response to God\u2019s mercy and this leads to conversion. This is <\/span><b>how we enter into His Kingdom<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201ckingdom\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> here is more than just a <\/span><b>geographic region<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, it\u2019s a reign.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As he passed by the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and his brother Andrew casting their nets into the sea;<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">they were fishermen. Jesus said to them, \u201cCome after me, and I will make you fishers of men.\u201d Then they abandoned their nets and followed him. <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Did they go back to their ordinary lives, following the arrest of John? Jesus picks up the baton. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This was not Jesus\u2019 first contact with Simon and Andrew \u2013 we heard about that in <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=John%201:35-42&amp;version=NIV\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">last week\u2019s Gospel Reading<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #993300\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cCome and see\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jesus gives a very simple <\/span><b>invitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cCome after me\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The disciples respond to this invitation with wholehearted commitment. Thus begins their<\/span><b> formal discipleship<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and journey with Jesus. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jesus promises to make them <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cfishers of men\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Evangelists in the Kingdom. This has obvious <\/span><b>metaphorical meaning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, it also calls to mind a <\/span><b>prophecy of Jeremiah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in which prophesied of a <\/span><b>new and greater Exodus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for Israel, where \u201cfishermen\u201d who would \u201ccatch\u201d God\u2019s people dispersed among the nations as a result of the Assyrian exile:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #993300\">\u201cHowever, the days are coming,\u201d declares the Lord, \u201cwhen it will no longer be said, \u2018As surely as the Lord lives, who brought the Israelites up out of Egypt,\u2019 but it will be said, \u2018As surely as the Lord lives, who brought the Israelites up out of the land of the north and out of all the countries where he had banished them.\u2019 For I will restore them to the land I gave their ancestors. \u201cBut now I will send for many fishermen,\u201d declares the Lord, \u201cand they will catch them. After that I will send for many hunters, and they will hunt them down on every mountain and hill and from the crevices of the rocks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #993300\">&#8211; Jeremiah 16:14-16<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><b>A new and greater Exodus<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will come! God will send out fishers to gather people in from all the countries of the earth (the Jordan had been where the last Exodus has ended).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As fishermen they would have had <\/span><b>neither great education nor power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. In this we see a common pattern of God in the Bible \u2013<\/span><b> using the insignificant to display His greatness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose <\/span><\/i><b><i>the weak things of the world to shame the strong<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 1 Corinthians 1:27<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If God can work so powerfully through simple fishermen, He can do<\/span><b> the same thing with us<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Origen of Alexandria said the same:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #993300\">\u201cWe may see\u2026 how that religion itself grew up in a short time\u2026 this result is the more surprising, that even the teachers of it themselves neither were men of skill, nor very numerous; and yet these words are preached throughout the whole world, so that Greeks and Barbarians, wise and foolish, adopt the doctrines of the Christian religion. From which it is no doubtful inference, that it is not by human power or might that the words of Jesus Christ came to prevail with all faith and power over the understandings and souls of men\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #993300\">Origen, On First Principles 4.1.2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He walked along a little farther and saw James, the son of Zebedee, and his brother John. They too were in a boat mending their nets. Then he called them. <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The disciples called in this week\u2019s Gospel Reading are Andrew, Simon (Peter), James and John. The last three of these form <\/span><b>Jesus\u2019 \u201cinner circle\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> among the Twelve Apostles. <\/span><b>Andrew <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">also has an important role to play, particularly in reference to the <\/span><b>Feeding of the Multitudes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> which gives rise to the <\/span><b>Bread of Life discourse<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So they left their father Zebedee in the boat along with the hired men and followed him.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Like Jonah, they were freed from the fish in order to do the will of God!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is somewhat reminiscent of <\/span><b>the calling of the Prophet Elisha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by the Prophet Elijah:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #993300\">So he departed from there, and found Eli\u2032sha the son of Shaphat, who was plowing, with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he was with the twelfth. Eli\u2032jah passed by him and cast his mantle upon him. And he left the oxen, and ran after Eli\u2032jah, and said, \u201cLet me kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow you.\u201d And he said to him, \u201cGo back again; for what have I done to you?\u201d And he returned from following him, and took the yoke of oxen, and slew them, and boiled their flesh with the yokes of the oxen, and gave it to the people, and they ate. Then he arose and went after Eli\u2032jah, and ministered to him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 1 Kings 19:19-21<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Not only do James and John leave their <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><b><i>father<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Zebedee\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, (which means \u201cgift of God\u201d) they leave behind a <\/span><b>successful business<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, illustrated by the presence of <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201chired men\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><b>Vocations from God often require the leaving behind of good things, yet it is always for the promise of even greater things<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As Paul pointed out in the Second Reading, <\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cFor the world in its present form is passing away\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2026<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000080\">\u201cIt has been demonstrated to us in Scripture that any too dear relations, crafts and trades are to be quite left behind for the Lord\u2019s sake.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;color: #000080\">&#8211; Tertullian (A.D. 211), On Idolatry 12<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several years ago when I ran a weekly Bible Study, I would post my commentary on the Sunday Mass Readings.\u00a0One of my friends who leads a weekly Bible Study is in Washington DC at the moment for the March For Life and has asked me to host the group in her absence. Fortunately, I already had some notes for this<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,25],"tags":[288,2120],"class_list":["post-66697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faith","category-sunday-lectionary","tag-lectionary","tag-mark"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66697"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66717,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66697\/revisions\/66717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}