{"id":4772,"date":"2011-08-30T10:20:35","date_gmt":"2011-08-30T17:20:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/?p=4772"},"modified":"2015-03-19T13:17:04","modified_gmt":"2015-03-19T20:17:04","slug":"sunday-lectionary-2011-09-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2011\/08\/30\/sunday-lectionary-2011-09-04\/","title":{"rendered":"Sunday Lectionary: September 4, 2011"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><span style=\"color: #808080\">Unfortunately a little rushed this week, but here you go&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Twenty-Third Sunday in Ordinary Time<\/h2>\n<p>The readings this week concern themselves with the tricky subject of relationships and, in particular, relationships between Christians. The passages address the question of how sin and disputes are to be handled in the Church.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Reading I: Ezekiel 33:7-9<\/h3>\n<p>Last week we heard from the Prophet Jeremiah. This week we have switched to the Prophet Ezekiel, but continue with the theme of God&#8217;s word.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Thus says the LORD:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;You, son of man, I have appointed watchman for the house of Israel;\u00a0when you hear me say anything, you shall warn them for me.\u00a0If I tell the wicked, &#8216;O wicked one, you shall surely die&#8217; \u00a0and you do not speak out to dissuade the wicked from his way,\u00a0the wicked shall die for his guilt,\u00a0but I will hold you responsible for his death.\u00a0But if you warn the wicked,\u00a0trying to turn him from his way,\u00a0and he refuses to turn from his way,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">he shall die for his guilt,\u00a0but you shall save yourself&#8221;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4821\" style=\"width: 308px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/watchmen.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4821\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4821\" src=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/watchmen.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"298\" height=\"169\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4821\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Watchmen \ud83d\ude09<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!--more-->Possible Questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What do you think of when you hear the word <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;watchman&#8221;<\/span><\/em>? What is this person&#8217;s function?<\/li>\n<li>What does the Lord say that Ezekiel should do if He tells him to warn someone?<\/li>\n<li>What does the Lord say will happen if Ezekiel does <em>not<\/em> do this?<\/li>\n<li>What does the Lord say will happen if Ezekiel <em>does<\/em>\u00a0do this?<\/li>\n<li>What is the &#8220;moral sense&#8221; of this passage? What lesson can we apply to our lives?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Commentary:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>son of man&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">God addresses Ezekiel with this humbling title over ninety times in this book.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>I have appointed [you] watchman for the house of Israel&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Watchmen had several roles:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">1. Warned of approaching armies<br \/>\n2. Warned of approaching messengers<br \/>\n3. Gave news of battles<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">For obvious reasons, the watchmen were positioned at the highest points of a city. The prophets, those whom we might say were closest to the heavens, acted as <em>spiritual<\/em> watchmen. In the New Covenant community, the Apostles and their successors would become the new guardians over the Church, the New Israel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>when you hear me say anything, you shall warn them for me&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">God commands Ezekiel to be obedient. This was something Jesus fulfilled perfectly:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;So\u00a0whatever\u00a0I say is just what\u00a0the\u00a0Father\u00a0has told me to say&#8221; &#8211; John 12:50<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">How often does God give us something to say and we choose to say nothing?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">As we will hear in the Gospel Reading for this week, the goal of speaking out is to correct the sinner (one of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/10198d.htm\">Spiritual Works of Mercy<\/a>) and return that person to peace with God.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;<em>If [you]&#8230;do not speak out to dissuade the wicked from his way,\u00a0the wicked shall die for his guilt,\u00a0but I will hold you responsible for his death&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">It is worth mentioning that, in other parts of Ezekiel\u00a0there is something of a contrast with what is described above. In particular, in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=ezekiel%2018&amp;version=NIV\">Chapter 18<\/a>\u00a0it is made clear that the Lord will hold each individual accountable for his own behaviour.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Yet we must still accept what is said in the above verse&#8230;and this is a pretty tough verse! Ezekiel has a real responsibility here. God says that, when He tells Ezekiel to say something, he&#8217;d better say it! If Ezekiel doesn&#8217;t say anything he will be held accountable.\u00a0It doesn&#8217;t matter how unpopular it is&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">We too have some share of responsibility towards others. We are called to proclaim to them God&#8217;s word. As\u00a0Tolstoy wrote:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing&#8221;\u00a0&#8211; War &amp; Peace<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">It&#8217;s tough, but we need speak up because it is the <strong>loving<\/strong> thing to do. How dangerous do we really think sin is?\u00a0We need to speak up because it is in our neighbour&#8217;s best interest. Which do we love more &#8211; the friend or the friendship?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;But if you warn the wicked,\u00a0trying to turn him from his way,\u00a0and he refuses to turn from his way,\u00a0he shall die for his guilt,\u00a0but you shall save yourself&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">If, however, Ezekiel preaches as God directs, then Ezekiel has done his part. There even seems to be some implication that Ezekiel will be rewarded for this since, in attempting to turn a sinner away from sin, he will <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;save [him]self&#8221;<\/span><\/em>. Something similar appears in St. James&#8217; Epistle:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;My brothers and sisters, if one of you should wander from the truth and someone should bring that person back,\u00a0remember this: Whoever turns a sinner from the error of their way will save them from death and cover over a multitude of sins.&#8221; &#8211; James 5:19-20<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">St. Paul would also write to the Corinthians:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation: that God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, not counting people\u2019s sins against them. And he has committed to us the message of reconciliation. We are therefore Christ\u2019s ambassadors, as though God were making his appeal through us. We implore you on Christ\u2019s behalf: Be reconciled to God.&#8221; &#8211; 2 Corinthians 5:18-20<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">All Christians are called to this ministry of reconciliation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 95:1-2, 6-7, 8-9<\/h3>\n<p>This psalm is a call to worship which would have been proclaimed by a priest or a Levite in the Temple of Jerusalem\u00a0before the assembly. In our present day, it is a passage which is prayed by priests, religious and some laity\u00a0every morning in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.universalis.com\/\">Liturgy of the Hours<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This psalm contains great truths on which to meditate at the beginning of the day. It is an invitation to <a href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2011\/04\/18\/listen-to-his-voice\/\">listen for the voice of the Lord<\/a> and to give Him due worship. At the end of the psalm we are reminded of the event which took place in desert, where the Israelites <em>failed<\/em> to listen to the voice of the Lord, where they <em>didn&#8217;t<\/em> give Him due praise and instead <em>rebelled<\/em> against Him, despite all He had done for them.<\/p>\n<p>This psalm is quoted and commented upon in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=heb%203:7-4:13&amp;version=NIV\">Hebrews 3:7-4:13<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><strong><span style=\"color: #993300\">R. (8)If today you hear his voice, harden not your hearts.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Come, let us sing joyfully to the LORD;<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> let us acclaim the rock of our salvation.<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> Let us come into his presence with thanksgiving;<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> let us joyfully sing psalms to him.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Come, let us bow down in worship;<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> let us kneel before the LORD who made us.<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> For he is our God,<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> and we are the people he shepherds, the flock he guides.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Oh, that today you would hear his voice:<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> &#8220;Harden not your hearts as at Meribah,<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> as in the day of Massah in the desert,<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> Where your fathers tempted me;<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> they tested me though they had seen my works.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Possible Questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are several invitations made in today&#8217;s psalm. What are they?<\/li>\n<li>What relationship does the psalmist say exists between God and His people?<\/li>\n<li>What does it mean to <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;harden not your hearts&#8221;<\/span><\/em>?<\/li>\n<li>What happened at <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Meribah&#8221;<\/span><\/em> and <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Massah&#8221;<\/span><\/em>?<\/li>\n<li>What does the psalmist mean when he says that the people <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;tempted&#8221;<\/em><\/span> Him?<\/li>\n<li>What is the reason the psalmist gives for why Israel shouldn&#8217;t have tested the Lord?<\/li>\n<li>How can we apply this psalm to our own lives?\u00a0Do we ourselves still fail to trust God, even though He has been there for us in the past?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Commentary:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">\u00a0&#8220;<em>If today you hear his voice, harden not your hearts&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">This is the refrain in the Mass and it is a call to humility. It is the same call made by those who hope to bring back sinners, an appeal to listen for God&#8217;s voice and not to allow their hearts to become calloused and insensitive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;&#8230;let us acclaim the rock of our salvation&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Last week we saw Jesus confer the name &#8220;rock&#8221; onto Peter. Here we read about how the Lord Himself is\u00a0characterized\u00a0as a mighty rock &#8211; stable and trustworthy in an uncertain world.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Let us come into his presence with thanksgiving;<\/em>\u00a0<em>&#8230;<em>let us kneel before the LORD who made us<\/em>&#8220;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Because of He is our creator and because He is faithful, God deserves thanksgiving.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">As well as being the Creator of the entire world, the Lord is also a special &#8220;maker&#8221; of the People of Israel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;&#8230;and we are the people he shepherds, the flock he guides&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Kings at that time were also commonly called shepherds. Here the psalmist describes the Lord as a shepherd, something which Jesus would later confirm in declaring Himself to be the Good Shepherd (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=John%2010:1-21&amp;version=NIV\">John 10:1-21<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Harden not your hearts as at Meribah,\u00a0<\/em><em>as in the day of Massah in the desert, w<\/em><em>here your fathers tempted me;\u00a0<\/em><em>they tested me though they had seen my works.&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">This is referring to the time of rebellion by the Children of Israel in the desert (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=exodus%2017:1-7&amp;version=NIV\">Exodus 17:1-7<\/a>). <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Meribah&#8221;<\/em><\/span>\u00a0means &#8220;quarreling&#8221; and\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Massah&#8221;<\/em><\/span>\u00a0means &#8220;testing&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The word <span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;tempt&#8221;<\/span> in the above verse really means &#8220;test&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>they tested me&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The psalmist here shifts into the first person, representing God.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;though\u00a0they had seen my works&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">By this point in Israel&#8217;s journey God had (1) freed them from Egypt, (2) parted the Red Sea and (3) provided them food in the desert (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=exodus%2016&amp;version=NIV\">Exodus 16<\/a>). What more proof of God&#8217;s goodness did they need?!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Reading II: Romans 13:8-10<\/h3>\n<p>After exhorting the Romans to be subject to government authorities, St. Paul exhorts his readers to an even greater act of humility and obedience &#8211; to love one another&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Brothers and sisters:\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Owe nothing to anyone, except to love one another;\u00a0for the one who loves another has fulfilled the law.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">The commandments, &#8220;You shall not commit adultery;\u00a0you shall not kill; you shall not steal; you shall not covet, &#8221;\u00a0and whatever other commandment there may be,\u00a0are summed up in this saying, namely,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;You shall love your neighbor as yourself.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Love does no evil to the neighbor;\u00a0hence, love is the fulfillment of the law.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Possible Questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What do you think it means to owe someone love?<\/li>\n<li>Why does Paul say that\u00a0<em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;the one who loves another has fulfilled the law&#8221;<\/span>?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>How does this passage relate to the First Reading and, in particular, to the Gospel?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Commentary:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;<em>Owe nothing to anyone, except to love one another&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Our debt of love is always outstanding and can never be paid off, in a way that is expressed in the phrase <em>&#8220;I am forever in your debt&#8221;. <\/em>We owe love because of God&#8217;s love for us and for our neighbour.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>for the one who loves&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">St. Paul wrote earlier in the letter:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;In order that the righteous requirement of the law might be fully met in us, who do not live according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.&#8221; &#8211; Romans 8:4<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">So it is clear that we can only love in this way through the help of the Spirit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em><em>&#8220;love one another&#8230;your neighbour&#8221;<\/em><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Jesus clarifies who our &#8220;neighbour&#8221; is, providing the broadest possible meaning:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;&#8216;Which of these three do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of robbers?&#8217;\u00a0The expert in the law replied, &#8216;The one who had mercy on him.&#8217;\u00a0Jesus told him, &#8216;Go and do likewise&#8217;\u201d &#8211; Luke 10:36-37<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you&#8221; &#8211; Matthew 5:44<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">So, we are called to love those in need, whether Christian or not, and even love our enemies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em><em>&#8220;&#8230;the law&#8221;<\/em><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">This is the Mosaic law<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;The commandments, &#8216;You shall not&#8230;&#8217;&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">St. Paul now explains the relationship between the Law of Moses and the New Law of the New Covenant.\u00a0He distills\u00a0into one commandment four of the commandments from the Decalogue \u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Exodus%2020:13-17&amp;version=NIV\">Exodus 20:13-17<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">This commandment wasn&#8217;t actually that new:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against anyone among your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.&#8221; &#8211; Leviticus 19:18<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">So that single commandment is also found in the\u00a0Pentateuch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;You shall love your neighbor as yourself&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">It is a natural instinct to love yourself and to seek what is best. This commandment refocuses this upon others.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Love does no evil to the neighbor&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">This is the reason that love\u00a0fulfills\u00a0the Law.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Gospel: Matthew 18:15-20<\/h3>\n<p>Following last week&#8217;s Gospel Reading, we skip over the text concerning the Transfiguration and move instead onto Jesus&#8217; teaching about &#8220;Church discipline&#8221;. The Lord explains how disputes should be resolved within the Church:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">(1) speak to the person alone<br \/>\n(2) speak to the person with some witnesses<br \/>\n(3) take it to the church<br \/>\n(4) exclude that person (excommunication)<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ve heard this passage described \u00a0by some people as <em>&#8220;the process you have to go through to kick someone out of the Church&#8221;<\/em>. However, this rather misses the point the passage. The entire purpose of this process is to\u00a0<em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;win back your brother&#8221;<\/span><\/em>!<\/p>\n<p>The context of this passage confirms this. The section immediately prior to this passage is the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Matthew%2018:10-14&amp;version=NIV\">Parable of the Lost Sheep<\/a> and afterwards Jesus tells Peter he should forgive his brother infinitely (<em>&#8220;seventy-seven times [seven]&#8221;<\/em>) and then Christ tells the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Matthew%2018:21-35&amp;version=NIV\">Parable of the Unmerciful Servant<\/a>. God is merciful and seeks to restore the lost &#8211; we should too. We&#8217;ll pick up on this theme again\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.usccb.org\/bible\/readings\/091111.cfm\">next week<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Like Ezekiel, we have a certain obligation to correct the sin we find in our &#8220;brother&#8221;. Correction someone\u00a0<em>is<\/em>\u00a0loving our neighbour as ourselves, as St. Paul describes in the Second Reading.\u00a0Here is what St. Augustine has to say on the matter:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><em>\u201cIf your brother sins\u00a0against you, go and tell him his\u00a0fault, between you and him alone.\u201d\u00a0If you fail to do so, you are worse\u00a0than he is. He has done someone\u00a0harm, and by doing harm he has\u00a0stricken himself with a grievous\u00a0wound. Will you then completely\u00a0disregard your brother\u2019s wound?\u00a0Will you simply watch him stumble\u00a0and fall down? Will you disregard\u00a0his predicament? If so, you are\u00a0worse in your silence than he in<\/em>\u00a0<em>his abuse. Therefore, when any\u00a0one sins against us, let us take\u00a0great care, but not merely for\u00a0ourselves. For it is a glorious thing\u00a0to forget injuries. Just set aside\u00a0your own injury, but do not neglect\u00a0your brother\u2019s wound&#8221; &#8211; St. Augustine, Sermon 82.7<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p>However, this must be done extremely carefully and tempered with mercy and humility, for fear that we attempt to take the &#8220;speck&#8221; out of our brother&#8217;s eye and fail to notice the &#8220;log&#8221; in our own\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Matthew%207:1-6&amp;version=NIV\">Matthew 7:1-6<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The second section of this Gospel builds upon the Gospel of <a href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2011\/08\/15\/sunday-lectionary-2011-08-21\/\">two weeks ago<\/a> when Jesus gave Peter the keys of the Kingdom. Although the Prime Minister in the Kingdom had the most power, all of the cabinet ministers had power to &#8220;bind&#8221; and &#8220;loose&#8221;. In this second part of the Gospel Jesus grants this authority to His disciples.<\/p>\n<p>But perhaps the link between the two sections of this week&#8217;s Gospel extend beyond simply that of Church authority. The final step Jesus outlines in the steps for fraternal correction is separation from the impenitent. Yet, in the next breath he talks about the power of prayer. I think we can take the lesson from this that, although we may have to part from someone who stubbornly refuses to be corrected, we should nonetheless continue to pray for that person and place our faith in the promises of Jesus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Jesus said to his disciples:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;If your brother sins against you,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">go and tell him his fault between you and him alone.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">If he listens to you, you have won over your brother.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">If he does not listen,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">take one or two others along with you,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">so that &#8216;every fact may be established<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">on the testimony of two or three witnesses.&#8217;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">If he refuses to listen to them, tell the church.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">If he refuses to listen even to the church,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">then treat him as you would a Gentile or a tax collector.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Amen, I say to you,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">Again, amen, I say to you,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">if two of you agree on earth<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">about anything for which they are to pray,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">it shall be granted to them by my heavenly Father.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">For where two or three are gathered together in my name,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">there am I in the midst of them.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-4822\" src=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/hug-233x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"186\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/hug-233x300.jpg 233w, https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/08\/hug.jpg 467w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 186px) 100vw, 186px\" \/>Possible Questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Have you had experiences of conflict within the Church?<\/li>\n<li>How have you handled it?<\/li>\n<li>What issue is Jesus addressing in today&#8217;s passage?<\/li>\n<li>How does this connect to the First Reading?<\/li>\n<li>What are the steps of the process He describes? What wisdom do you find here?<\/li>\n<li>Why not just jump to the last step of the process?<\/li>\n<li>What is our responsibility here?<\/li>\n<li>What authority does Christ give to the Church?<\/li>\n<li>What does it mean to <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;treat him as&#8230;a Gentile or a tax collector&#8221;<\/span>?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>What does Jesus mean when He talks about <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;bind[ing]&#8221;<\/span><\/em> and <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;loos[ing]&#8221;<\/span><\/em>?<\/li>\n<li>What are the promises Jesus gives?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Commentary:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;your\u00a0brother&#8230;&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In Greek word here is &#8220;adelphos&#8221; &#8211; it means any fellow believer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>tell him his fault between you and him alone&#8230;take one or two others along with you&#8230;<em>tell the church<\/em>&#8220;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">These are the steps to follow in attempting to restore your brother. If this fails and your brother resists correction, the Church leaders may exercise the authority given to them by Christ. The disciplining of the\u00a0impenitent\u00a0will be backed by the Father. All steps in this process, even the final one, is an attempt\u00a0to bring the prodigal home.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em><strong>CCC #1463:\u00a0<\/strong>Certain particularly grave sins incur excommunication, the most severe ecclesiastical penalty, which impedes the reception of the sacraments and the exercise of certain ecclesiastical acts, and for which absolution consequently cannot be granted, according to canon law, except by the Pope, the bishop of the place or priests authorized by them. In danger of death any priest, even if deprived of faculties for hearing confessions, can absolve from every sin and excommunication.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">There was community discipline in the Old\u00a0Covenant\u00a0as well:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>\u201c\u2018Do not hate a fellow Israelite in your heart. Rebuke your neighbor frankly so you will not share in their guilt.\u00a0Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against anyone among your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.\u00a0Keep my decrees.\u00a0Do not mate different kinds of animals.\u00a0Do not plant your field with two kinds of seed&#8230;&#8221; &#8211; Leviticus 19:17-19<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>tell him his fault between you and him alone&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">This is gentle fraternal correction for that person&#8217;s good.\u00a0The matter is kept as private as possible to reduce scandal, humiliation and the creeping in of pride. Here is another section from St. Augustine&#8217;s sermon:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;For it might\u00a0happen that through defensiveness\u00a0he will begin to justify his sin, and\u00a0so you will have inadvertently\u00a0nudged him still closer toward the\u00a0very behavior you desire to amend&#8221; &#8211; St. Augustine, Sermon 82.7<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>take one or two others along with you&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In the Old Covenant of Israel, this was the criteria for testimony in the courts:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;One witness is not enough to convict anyone accused of any crime or offense they may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses&#8221; &#8211; Deuteronomy 19:15<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The very fact that Jesus says this\u00a0emphasizes\u00a0that the Church is the New Israel of the New Covenant:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule\u2014to\u00a0the Israel of God&#8221; &#8211;\u00a0Galatians\u00a06:16<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Paul cites this same teaching at the end of his second letter to the church at Corinth:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;This will be my third visit to you. &#8216;Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.&#8217;\u00a0I already gave you a warning when I was with you the second time. I now repeat it while absent: On my return I will not spare those who sinned earlier or any of the others,\u00a0since you are demanding proof that Christ is speaking through me. He is not weak in dealing with you, but is powerful among you&#8221; &#8211; 2 Corinthians 13:1-3<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Also, there may be significance in what Jesus later goes on to say about the power of <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;two or three&#8221;<\/span><\/em> gathered in His name. Going to the impenitent with two or three witnesses has the capability of bringing the Lord to that person in a special way.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;church&#8230;&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">As noted last week, this is one of three places the word is mentioned in the Gospels. In contrast to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Matthew%2016:18&amp;version=NIV\">Matthew 16:18<\/a>, the &#8220;church&#8221; being described here is predominantly the local congregation, although this is obviously connected with the universal Church.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;treat him as you would a Gentile or a tax collector&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Tax collectors and Gentiles were the people that first-century Jews despised. They regarded them as &#8220;unclean&#8221; and would typically shun them. Tax collectors were especially hated as they were local men employed by the occupying Roman force to collect taxes for Rome.\u00a0They were seen as collaborators and invariably corrupt. Yet, it is worth noting that these were the people that Jesus ate with! Return and reconciliation are always possible.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The emphasis of this verse is on separation. We saw similar exhortations in St. Ignatius of Antioch:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;I am warning you in advance of those beasts in human form whom you should not receive and, if possible, whom you should avoid&#8221; &#8211; Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In St. Paul&#8217;s letters to the Corinthians we see this\u00a0practiced\u00a0in the Early Church:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;I wrote to you in my letter not to associate with sexually immoral people\u2014\u00a0\u00a0not at all meaning the people of this world who are immoral, or the greedy and swindlers, or idolaters. In that case you would have to leave this world.\u00a0But now I am writing to you that you must not associate with anyone who claims to be a brother or sister\u00a0but is sexually immoral or greedy, an idolater or slanderer, a drunkard or swindler. Do not even eat with such people.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;What business is it of mine to judge those outside the church? Are you not to judge those inside?\u00a0God will judge those outside. &#8216;Expel the wicked person from among you'&#8221; &#8211; 1 Corinthians 5:9-13<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">It is important to note that even this excommunication is meant to be an act of love to bring the\u00a0impenitent\u00a0to correction and reconciliation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;&#8230;<em>whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven,\u00a0and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">This is similar to when Jesus gave Peter the keys. The other royal ministers in the Kingdom also have authority, albeit subordinate to the Prime Minister&#8217;s.\u00a0As it was noted last week, this\u00a0<em>&#8220;bind[ing]&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>&#8220;loos[ing]&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0has several connotations:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">1. The &#8220;binding&#8221; interpretations of the Law by the Rabbis<br \/>\n2. The inclusion or exclusion of members of the community<br \/>\n3. The forgiveness of sins<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In the New Covenant, item (3) will manifest itself in the Sacramental of Reconciliation:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;If you forgive anyone\u2019s sins, their sins are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven.\u201d &#8211; John 20:23<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The word &#8220;loose&#8221; is translated as &#8220;freed&#8221; in the book of Revelation:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em>&#8220;To him who loves us and has <strong>freed<\/strong> us from our sins by his blood&#8221; &#8211;\u00a0Revelation 1:5<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">This association between &#8220;loosing&#8221;\u00a0and &#8220;freeing&#8221; is also found in the Early Church Fathers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unfortunately a little rushed this week, but here you go&#8230; Twenty-Third Sunday in Ordinary Time The readings this week concern themselves with the tricky subject of relationships and, in particular, relationships between Christians. The passages address the question of how sin and disputes are to be handled in the Church. &nbsp; Reading I: Ezekiel 33:7-9 Last week we heard from<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[381,2969,288,380],"class_list":["post-4772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faith","tag-excommunication","tag-featured","tag-lectionary","tag-warning"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4772"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56216,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4772\/revisions\/56216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}