{"id":19349,"date":"2013-06-12T09:00:50","date_gmt":"2013-06-12T16:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/?p=19349"},"modified":"2016-08-28T19:39:21","modified_gmt":"2016-08-29T02:39:21","slug":"come-soon-finally-arrived","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2013\/06\/12\/come-soon-finally-arrived\/","title":{"rendered":"Come Soon&#8230;finally arrived!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quite some time ago I wrote about <a title=\"&quot;Coming Soon&quot;\" href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2010\/09\/06\/coming-soon\/\">Coming Soon<\/a>, a book by Dr. Michael Barber concerning the Book of Revelation (<span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;Apocalypse&#8221;<\/em><\/span>). I enjoyed Dr. Barber&#8217;s book a lot and I expressed how much I&#8217;d like to work through that book again in some kind of study group.<\/p>\n<p>Well, nearly three years later, it has finally happened. Earlier this week I met up with a friend at a local Pub and we went through the first chapter of <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Coming Soon<\/em><\/span>. I&#8217;ve affectionately dubbed our little group as <em>&#8220;The Oratory of <a title=\"Best. Advice. Ever.\" href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2013\/06\/05\/best-advice-ever\/\">St. Arnoldus<\/a>&#8220;<\/em> \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>As we work through Dr. Barber&#8217;s book each week I will attempt to do a short post summarizing our discussion&#8230;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19352\" style=\"width: 311px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19352\" class=\"wp-image-19352 \" src=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/beerbuzz600-1024x640.jpeg\" alt=\"Beer\" width=\"301\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/beerbuzz600-1024x640.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/beerbuzz600-300x187.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/beerbuzz600.jpeg 1611w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19352\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proverbs 31:6<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Will the real John please stand up?<\/h2>\n<p>In the first chapter, Dr. Barber focuses on the authorship and date of composition of the Book of Revelation. Traditionally, authorship has been attributed to St. John the Apostle, sometimes referred to as <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;John the Revelator&#8221;<\/em><\/span> or <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;John the Divine&#8221;<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/b6NDdF-R2uk?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p>There are a good number of scholars today who doubt that it was John the Apostle who wrote Revelation. Instead, they point to another John mentioned in the writings of the <a title=\"Catholicism\u2019s Best Kept Secret: Fathers Know Best\" href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2010\/07\/22\/catholicisms-best-kept-secret\/\" target=\"_blank\">Early Church Fathers<\/a>. The first mention of him comes from the First Century bishop,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papias_of_Hierapolis\" target=\"_blank\">Papias<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;And again, if anyone came who had been a follower of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the Elders<\/span> &#8211; what was said by Andrew, or by Peter, or by Philip, or by Thomas or James, or by <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">John<\/span> or by Matthew, or any <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">other of the Lord&#8217;s disciples<\/span>, and what Aristion and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the Elder John<\/span> say&#8230;&#8221;<\/em> &#8211; The History of the Church, Eusebius<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In the above quotation, Papias appears to refer to two different Johns. Now, although Papias never said that this other John was the author of Revelation, some modern scholars assert this. Later Church Fathers such as Jerome (Fourth Century) believed in the existence of this other John, but <em>still<\/em> held that the author of Revelation was the Apostle.<\/p>\n<h2>Can I get an (early) Amen?<\/h2>\n<p>The reason that some modern biblical scholars doubt John&#8217;s authorship is due to the differences between the documents which supposedly came from John&#8217;s pen.<\/p>\n<p>In the early Third Century, St. Dionysius of Alexandria made this argument, noting the differences in style between the Gospel of John and Revelation.\u00a0However, this was a minority view, with many other Early Church Fathers attesting to the Apostle&#8217;s authorship:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><strong>Second Century:<\/strong> <a title=\"Martyr and Apologist\" href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2013\/06\/01\/martyr-and-apologist\/\">Justin<\/a>, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria,\u00a0<a title=\"Getting fat on God\" href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2012\/05\/30\/getting-fat-on-god\/\">Tertullian<\/a>, <a title=\"Hippolytus Of Rome\u2026Saint and Anti-Pope\" href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2013\/01\/13\/hippolytus-of-rome\/\">St. Hippolytus<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Third Century:<\/strong> Origen<br \/>\n<strong>Fourth Century:<\/strong> Epiphanius of Salamis,<a title=\"Wise Words on Wednesday: St. Jerome\" href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2011\/11\/30\/st-jerome\/\"> St. Jerome<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Given this support, it does appear that the successors to the Apostles believed the Apostle to be the author of this work whereas, in contrast, they rejected the apostolicity of other apocalyptic works such as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.earlychristianwritings.com\/apocalypsepeter.html\" target=\"_blank\">Apocalypse of Peter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Why do they seem so different?<\/h2>\n<p>As noted above, the rejection Johannine authorship is primarily based on the difference in style between John&#8217;s Gospel and Revelation.<\/p>\n<p>This is a somewhat odd objection given the different literary genres of the two books. In <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Coming Soon<\/em><\/span>, Dr. Barber compares Pope John Paul II&#8217;s encyclical <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;Fides et Ratio&#8221;<\/em> <\/span>to the story he wrote,\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;The Jewler&#8217;s Shop&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. These two works have the same author but their radically differing genres make them appear to be completely unrelated.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Thematic Similarities<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Having said that, there are, in fact, many common themes between these two Johannine books.\u00a0In both books Jesus is described as the <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Word&#8221;<\/em><\/span>, the <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Lamb&#8221;<\/em><\/span>, the <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Shepherd&#8221;<\/em><\/span> and the <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Temple&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. Both authors say that Jesus gives the true <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;manna&#8221;<\/span> <\/em>and describe salvation as <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;living water&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. Both speak about worship being done <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;in the Spirit&#8221;<\/em><\/span> and the willingness to give up one&#8217;s <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;life&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. Both talk about the expulsion of <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Satan&#8221;<\/em><\/span>, of the wedding of the <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Bridegroom&#8221;<\/em><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Bride&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. Finally, each refer to Blessed Mary as both <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;woman&#8221;<\/span><\/em> and <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;mother&#8221;<\/span><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">So maybe these books aren&#8217;t so different after all&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Picking an Emperor<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The other main subject of contention with Revelation is determining its date of composition. When attempting to discern this, it helps to know something about the sequence of Roman emperors around the time of Christ:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">1. Julius Caesar (46-44 BC)<br \/>\n2. Augustus (27 BC &#8211; AD 14)<br \/>\n3. Tiberius I (AD 14-37)<br \/>\n4. Gaius Caesar, aka Caligula (AD 37-41)<br \/>\n5. Claudius I (AD 41-54)<br \/>\n<strong>6. Nero (AD 54-68)<\/strong><br \/>\n7. Galba (AD 68-69)<br \/>\n8. Otho (AD 69)<br \/>\n9. Vitellius (AD 69)<br \/>\n10. Vespasian (AD 69-79)<br \/>\n11. Titus (AD 79-81)<br \/>\n<strong>12. Domitian (AD 81-96)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Most scholars would assert that Revelation was written during the time of \u00a0<strong>Emperor\u00a0Domitian<\/strong>, probably sometime during the 90s. However, this is somewhat problematic since it is clear from both the text of Revelation and from other witnesses that Revelation was written during a time of persecution. Although times were difficult under Domitian, there was no widespread imperial persecution.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19360\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19360\" class=\" wp-image-19360 \" src=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/Six_Emperor_Penguins.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19360\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Please note, not all Emperors were this adorable<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Finding Nero<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">In contrast, there is a growing number of scholars who place authorship during the reign of the <strong>Emperor Nero<\/strong>. We know that under his rule there was a cruel and bloody persecution, starting in AD 68 after the Great Fire of Rome. It is said that St. Peter and St. Paul both martyred during this persecution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Two Syriac works support the Nerodian hypothesis. The Syriac version of the text of Revelation and another Syriac work known as <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;The History of John, the Son of Zebedee&#8221;<\/em><\/span>\u00a0both assert that it was written during Nero&#8217;s rule.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The text itself also has some clues which support this assertion:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>1. Urgency<\/strong><br \/>\nThere is a sense of urgency throughout the text, speaking about <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;what must soon take place&#8221;<\/em><\/span>\u00a0and that the time is <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;near&#8221;<\/em><\/span> etc. This points to an early date, particularly if we consider these warnings to be pointing to the Fall of Jerusalem in AD 70.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>2. The Fall of Kings<\/strong><br \/>\nin Chapter 17, it speaks of Rome where there are <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">seven<\/span> kings, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">five<\/span> of whom have <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">fallen<\/span>, one <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">is<\/span>, the other has not <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">yet to come<\/span>, and when he comes he must remain a little while&#8221;<\/em><\/span> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Revelation%2017:9-10&amp;version=RSVCE\" target=\"_blank\">Revelation 17:9-10<\/a>). If we compare this to the list above, we see five Emperors, Nero and then one Emperor who reigns only a short time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\"><strong>3. The Number of the Beast<\/strong><br \/>\nIn the ancient world it was common for letters to also represent numbers. For example, most people are familiar with Roman numerals where I has a value of 1, V a value of 5 etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">It is significant, therefore, that when the Greek form of the name <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;Nero Caesar&#8221;<\/em><\/span> is translated into Hebrew and added up, it comes to the dreaded\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;666&#8221;<\/em><\/span>, the\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;number of the beast&#8221;<\/em><\/span>\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=rev%2013:18&amp;version=RSVCE\" target=\"_blank\">Revelation 13:18<\/a>):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 60px\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000\">Neron Kesar = nrwn qsr = (50, + 200 + 6 + 50) + (100 + 60 + 200) = 666<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 30px\">The case for this is strengthened by manuscript variants which actually list a different number, 616, since this is the total you arrive at if you transliterate <em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;Nero Caesar&#8221;<\/span> <\/em>into Latin:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;padding-left: 60px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Nero Caesar = nrw qsr\u00a0= (50, + 200 + 6) + (100 + 60 + 200) = 616<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">I&#8217;ll do another post on Revelation after our next trip to the pub \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>The article\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2013\/06\/13\/come-soon-finally-arrived\" target=\"_blank\">Come Soon&#8230;finally arrived!<\/a> first appeared on <a href=\"http:\/\/RestlessPilgrim.net\" target=\"_blank\">RestlessPilgrim.net<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quite some time ago I wrote about Coming Soon, a book by Dr. Michael Barber concerning the Book of Revelation (&#8220;Apocalypse&#8221;). I enjoyed Dr. Barber&#8217;s book a lot and I expressed how much I&#8217;d like to work through that book again in some kind of study group. Well, nearly three years later, it has finally happened. Earlier this week I<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[43,2969,128,2205,2224],"class_list":["post-19349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-faith","tag-coming-soon","tag-featured","tag-revelation","tag-study","tag-the-oratory-of-st-arnoldus"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19349"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61984,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19349\/revisions\/61984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}