{"id":13242,"date":"2012-08-05T15:02:25","date_gmt":"2012-08-05T22:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/?p=13242"},"modified":"2015-03-19T15:39:31","modified_gmt":"2015-03-19T22:39:31","slug":"bread-from-heaven","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2012\/08\/05\/bread-from-heaven\/","title":{"rendered":"Sunday Lectionary: Bread from Heaven"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #888888\"><em>I&#8217;ve been on vacation this week so my notes are late and not quite as polished as they are normally.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Eighteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time: 2nd August, 2012<\/h2>\n<p>Our Readings this week focus again on the subject of sacred food.<\/p>\n<p>In the First Reading, we read how the Israelites were fed with manna in the desert.\u00a0The manna is also the subject of this week&#8217;s Psalm, as psalmist proclaims <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;The Lord gave them bread from heaven&#8221;<\/em><\/span>.\u00a0These are also the words quoted by the crowd who come to Jesus after <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;The Feeding of the Multitude&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. The crowd comes expecting another free meal, but rather than filling their stomachs, Jesus directs them towards deeper spiritual realities, declaring\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Himself<\/span> to be\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;the bread of life&#8221; <\/em><\/span>and that<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> &#8220;whoever comes&#8230;will never hunger,\u00a0and whoever believes&#8230;will never thirst&#8221;<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Our understanding of the Second Reading may be illuminated by considering the rite of Baptism in the early centuries of the Church. In preparation for the Sacrament, someone wishing to be baptised would receive a period of instruction. Afterwards, he would then arrive at the Baptismal pool and shed himself of his clothes, symbolically demonstrating that he wished to <span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;<em>put away the old self of [the] former way of life,\u00a0corrupted through deceitful desires&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. He would then descend into the baptismal pool where he would be washed in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit,<span style=\"color: #993300\"> &#8220;<em>renewed in the spirit of [his] mind&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. He would then ascend and be clothed in a white garment to show that he had <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;<\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\">put on the new self,\u00a0created in God&#8217;s way in righteousness and holiness of truth&#8221;<\/span>. <\/em>After having been washed in the waters of regeneration, this newly-born Christian would be admitted to the liturgy of the Eucharist where he would finally receive the bread of life.<\/p>\n<p>We too have been washed in the waters of baptism, we too have been admitted to the altar. \u00a0Let us live our lives this week in the <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;holiness of truth&#8221;<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. We do not receive simply the\u00a0<em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;bread of angels&#8221;<\/span><\/em>, but something even greater, <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;the bread of life&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0Himself.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>When, through the hand of the priest, you receive the Body of Christ, think not of the priest which you see, but of the Priest you do not see. The priest is the dispenser of this food, not the author. The Son of man gives Himself to us, that we may abide in Him, and He in us &#8211; Alcuin<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-13274\" src=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Eucharist.jpg\" alt=\"Eucharist\" width=\"238\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Eucharist.jpg 297w, https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Eucharist-280x300.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Reading I: Exodus 16:2-4, 12-15<\/h3>\n<p>Today&#8217;s Reading comes from the story of the Exodus. Prior to their leaving Egypt, God declared that Israel was <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;[His] firstborn son&#8221;<\/span><\/em> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Exodus%204:22&amp;version=NIV\">Exodus 4:22<\/a>), a description that goes back to Adam. As Israel left Egypt and traveled to Mount Sinai, like Adam, they were tested in the matter of food:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><strong>Test #1:<\/strong> Three days after passing through the Red Sea, the Israelite water supplies were low. They arrived at the waters of <em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;Marah&#8221;<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(literally <em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;bitter&#8221;<\/span><\/em>), thus named because the water was undrinkable. The people complained and so God instructed Moses to throw a piece of wood into the water, miraculously making it sweet.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><strong>Test #2:<\/strong> This is today&#8217;s Reading where the\u00a0Israelites\u00a0complain about the lack of food.\u00a0It takes place about two and half months after leaving Egypt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><strong>Test #3:<\/strong> Later, the Israelites run out of water again and they once again complain to Moses. God then instructs Moses to strike a rock with his staff and, when as he does this, water gushes forth for the people.<\/p>\n<p>Our Reading comes from the second of these episodes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">The whole Israelite community grumbled against Moses and Aaron.\u00a0The Israelites said to them,\u00a0&#8220;Would that we had died at the LORD&#8217;s hand in the land of Egypt,\u00a0as we sat by our fleshpots and ate our fill of bread!\u00a0But you had to lead us into this desert\u00a0to make the whole community die of famine!&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Then the LORD said to Moses,\u00a0&#8220;I will now rain down bread from heaven for you.\u00a0Each day the people are to go out and gather their daily portion;\u00a0thus will I test them,\u00a0to see whether they follow my instructions or not.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;I have heard the grumbling of the Israelites.\u00a0Tell them: In the evening twilight you shall eat flesh,\u00a0and in the morning you shall have your fill of bread,\u00a0so that you may know that I, the LORD, am your God.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">In the evening quail came up and covered the camp.\u00a0In the morning a dew lay all about the camp,\u00a0and when the dew evaporated, there on the surface of the desert\u00a0were fine flakes like hoarfrost on the ground.\u00a0On seeing it, the Israelites asked one another, &#8220;What is this?&#8221;\u00a0for they did not know what it was.\u00a0But Moses told them,\u00a0&#8220;This is the bread that the LORD has given you to eat.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13245\" src=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/manna.jpg\" alt=\"manna\" width=\"250\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/manna.jpg 250w, https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/07\/manna-245x300.jpg 245w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/>Questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the context for this passage? Who are <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Moses and Aaron&#8221;<\/span><\/em>?<\/li>\n<li>What is the complaint of the Israelites?<\/li>\n<li>How does the Lord respond?<\/li>\n<li>What is the spiritual lesson of this passage?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Commentary:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>The whole Israelite community grumbled against Moses and Aaron.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Moses&#8221;<\/span><\/em> was the one who lead the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and who parted the red sea. <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Aaron&#8221;<\/span><\/em>\u00a0was Moses&#8217; older brother, the man who would later become the High Priest of Israel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">In this passage, the Israelites are complaining. If you have read the book of Exodus, this is an\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">extremely<\/span>\u00a0common theme! In this case, they are complaining about the lack of food. Given the fact that the people have seen the Ten Plagues of Egypt and the Parting of the Red Sea, it&#8217;s hard to comprehend their lack of faith!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">While the text says that they <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;grumbled against Moses and Aaron&#8221;<\/span><\/em>, they were really, ultimately grumbling against God. St. Paul uses the <em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;moral sense&#8221;<\/span><\/em> of this Old Testament episode to teach the Christians at Corinth:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>For I do not want you to be ignorant\u00a0of the fact&#8230; that <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">our ancestors [the Israelites]<\/span> were all under the cloud and that they all passed through the sea.\u00a0They were all baptized into\u00a0Moses in the cloud and in the sea. They all ate the same spiritual food and drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock\u00a0that accompanied them, and that rock was Christ. Nevertheless, God was not pleased with most of them; their bodies were scattered in the wilderness.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Now <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">these things occurred as examples\u00a0to keep us from setting our hearts on evil things as they did<\/span>.<span style=\"font-size: 11px\">..\u00a0<\/span>do not grumble, as some of them did\u00a0\u2014 and were killed\u00a0by the destroying angel.<\/em> &#8211;\u00a01 Corinthians 10:1-10<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Paul says that we should not\u00a0imitate\u00a0the Israelites in their grumbling.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>The Israelites said to them,\u00a0&#8220;Would that we had died at the LORD&#8217;s hand in the land of Egypt,\u00a0as we sat by our fleshpots and ate our fill of bread!\u00a0But you had to lead us into this desert\u00a0to make the whole community die of famine!&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The Israelites start longing for slavery again! Elsewhere in Scripture we find out about some of the other food they received while in Egypt:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>The rabble with them began to crave other food,\u00a0and again the Israelites started wailing\u00a0and said, \u201cIf only we had meat to eat!\u00a0We remember the fish we ate in Egypt at no cost\u2014also the cucumbers, melons, leeks, onions and garlic.\u00a0\u201d<\/em> &#8211; Numbers 11:4-5<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Then the LORD said to Moses,\u00a0&#8220;I will now rain down bread from heaven for you.\u00a0Each day the people are to go out and gather their daily portion;\u00a0thus will I test them,\u00a0to see whether they follow my instructions or not.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">It is hard not to think of the Lord&#8217;s Prayer when reading these lines:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Give us each day our <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">daily bread<\/span><\/em> &#8211;\u00a0Luke 11:3<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">We find out from other parts of Scripture that there are restrictions concerning the collection and preservation of the manna. I guess it&#8217;s no surprise to learn that some of the people ignore these restrictions&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;I have heard the grumbling of the Israelites.\u00a0Tell them: In the evening twilight you shall eat flesh,\u00a0and in the morning you shall have your fill of bread,\u00a0so that you may know that I, the LORD, am your God.&#8221;\u00a0<em>In the evening quail came up and covered the camp.\u00a0<\/em><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Elsewhere we read that the Israelites complained about the manna:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;But now we have lost our appetite; we never see anything but this manna!\u201d<\/em> &#8211; Numbers 11:6<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">&#8230;so, in response to this, God provided the quail.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>In the morning a dew lay all about the camp,\u00a0and when the dew evaporated, there on the surface of the desert\u00a0were fine flakes like hoarfrost on the ground.\u00a0On seeing it, the Israelites asked one another, &#8220;What is this?&#8221;\u00a0for they did not know what it was.\u00a0But Moses told them,\u00a0&#8220;This is the bread that the LORD has given you to eat.&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The phrase\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;What is this?&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0is found in Hebrew as <span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8220;Man-hu?&#8221;<\/em><\/span>. It is from this that the name <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;manna&#8221;<\/span><\/em> is derived.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">As well as providing for the imitate need of His people and teaching them to trust Him, the purpose of this passage is to foreshadow the Jesus and the Eucharist.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 78:3-4, 23-24, 25, 54<\/h3>\n<p>Our Responsorial Psalm this week concerns heavenly bread given by God to His people in the First Reading. It comes from a psalm which describes salvation history from the Exodus to the Kingdom under David.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\"><strong>R. (24b) The Lord gave them bread from heaven.<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">What we have heard and know,\u00a0and what our fathers have declared to us,\u00a0We will declare to the generation to come\u00a0the glorious deeds of the LORD and his strength\u00a0and the wonders that he wrought.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> He commanded the skies above\u00a0and opened the doors of heaven;\u00a0he rained manna upon them for food\u00a0and gave them heavenly bread.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> Man ate the bread of angels,\u00a0food he sent them in abundance.\u00a0And he brought them to his holy land,\u00a0to the mountains his right hand had won.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the theme of this psalm?<\/li>\n<li>What do you think might have originally inspired this psalm?<\/li>\n<li>How can we apply this psalm to our lives?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Commentary:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em><strong>R. (24b) The Lord gave them bread from heaven.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">This refers to God giving the Israelites the Manna (see First Reading)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>What we have heard and know,\u00a0and what our fathers have declared to us,\u00a0We will declare to the generation to come\u00a0the glorious deeds of the LORD and his strength\u00a0and the wonders that he wrought.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">What God has done for His people will be remembered and passed down from generation to generation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>He commanded the skies above\u00a0and opened the doors of heaven;\u00a0he rained manna upon them for food\u00a0and gave them heavenly bread.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The psalmist describes the descent of the manna from Heaven.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The phrase<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em> &#8220;heavenly bread&#8221;<\/em><\/span> is sometimes rendered<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> &#8220;bread of angels&#8221;<\/span>. <\/em>Literally it means<em><span style=\"color: #993300\"> &#8220;bread of mighty ones&#8221;<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Man ate the bread of angels,\u00a0food he sent them in abundance.\u00a0And he brought them to his holy land,\u00a0to the mountains his right hand had won.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">God&#8217;s condescension is emphasized here &#8211; <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">man<\/span> ate the food of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">angels<\/span>. Not only that, God then led His people to the Promised Land, to the Jerusalem Temple on Mount Zion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/manna.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13292\" src=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/manna.jpg\" alt=\"manna\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Reading II: Ephesians 4:17, 20-24<\/h3>\n<p>We continue our way through the letter to the Ephesians. Last week St. Paul exhorted us to unity and this week he exhorts us to renewal of life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Brothers and sisters:<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">I declare and testify in the Lord<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">that you must no longer live as the Gentiles do,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">in the futility of their minds;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">that is not how you learned Christ,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">assuming that you have heard of him and were taught in him,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">as truth is in Jesus,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">that you should put away the old self of your former way of life,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">corrupted through deceitful desires,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">and be renewed in the spirit of your minds,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">and put on the new self,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">created in God&#8217;s way in righteousness and holiness of truth.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To what does Paul exhort his readers?<\/li>\n<li>What is the transformation described? Where might it be found in the life of a believer?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Commentary:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Brothers and sisters:\u00a0I declare and testify in the Lord\u00a0that you must no longer live as the Gentiles do,\u00a0<em>in the futility of their minds; &#8230;<\/em><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The Jews had a particularly low opinion of the lives of gentiles.\u00a0Paul&#8217;s point is that Christian conduct should be distinct from that of pagans.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Here is Paul&#8217;s description of man apart from God:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>For although they\u00a0knew God, they <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him<\/span>, but their <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">thinking became futile<\/span> and their <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">foolish hearts were darkened<\/span>. Although they claimed to be wise, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">they became fools<\/span> and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">exchanged the glory<\/span> of the immortal God <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">for images<\/span> made to look like a mortal human being and birds and animals and reptiles.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Therefore God gave them over in the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">sinful desires<\/span> of their hearts to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">sexual impurity<\/span> for the degrading of their bodies with one another. They <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">exchanged the truth about God for a lie<\/span>, and worshiped and served created things rather than the Creator\u2014who is forever praised. Amen.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Because of this, God gave them over to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">shameful lusts<\/span>. Even their women <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">exchanged natural sexual relations for unnatural ones<\/span>. In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed shameful acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Furthermore, just as they did not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God, so God gave them over to a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">depraved mind<\/span>, so that they do what ought not to be done. They have become <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity<\/span>. They are full of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice<\/span>. They are gossips, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant and boastful<\/span>; they invent ways of doing <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">evil<\/span>; they <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">disobey<\/span> their parents; they have <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">no understanding, no fidelity, no love, no mercy<\/span>. Although they know God\u2019s righteous decree that those who do such things deserve death, they not only continue to do these very things but also approve of those who practice them.<\/em> &#8211;\u00a0Romans 1:21-32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Life without God is meaningless. It results in frustrated thought and spiritual death:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>\u201cConsider what Paul calls \u2018<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">futility of mind<\/span>.\u2019 This occurs when someone <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">has a mind<\/span> but <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">does\u00a0not use it for contemplation<\/span>, instead <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">surrendering it to captivity under Satan<\/span>\u201d<\/em> &#8211; Origin (ca.\u00a0A.D. 240), Commentaries On The Psalms, 118.37<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8230;that is not how you learned Christ,\u00a0assuming that you have heard of him and were taught in him,\u00a0as truth is in Jesus,\u00a0<\/em><em>that you should put away the old self of your former way of life,\u00a0corrupted through deceitful desires, &#8230;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">It is possible that, because Paul writes\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;truth is in\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Jesus<\/span>&#8220;<\/em><\/span>\u00a0rather than\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;truth in\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Christ<\/span>&#8220;<\/em><\/span>, he may wish to particularly focus upon the perfect earthly life of the Saviour.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;old self&#8221;<\/em><\/span> refers to life prior to being a Christian, in which humankind is <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;corrupted though deceitful desires&#8221;<\/span><\/em>.\u00a0As indicated in the introduction to this blog post, one could understand Paul&#8217;s words here in the context of baptism when the\u00a0catechumen\u00a0would cast off his clothes prior to entering into the baptismal pool.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Paul uses very similar kind of language in several of his epistles:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">Do not lie to each other,\u00a0since you have <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">taken off your old self<\/span>\u00a0with its practices <\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\">Colossians 3:9<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">For if you live according to the flesh, you will die;\u00a0but if <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body<\/span>,\u00a0you will live <\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8211;\u00a0Romans 8:13<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">This finds a full expression in his letter to the Philippians:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8230;many live as enemies of the cross of Christ.\u00a0Their destiny\u00a0is destruction, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">their god is their stomach<\/span>,\u00a0and their glory is in their shame.\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Their mind is set on earthly things<\/span>.\u00a0But <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">our citizenship\u00a0is in heaven<\/span>.\u00a0And we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ,<span style=\"font-size: 11px\">\u00a0<\/span>who, by the power\u00a0that enables him to bring everything under his control, will <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">transform our lowly bodies\u00a0so that they will be like his glorious body<\/span>.<\/em> &#8211; Philippians 3:19-21<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Paul contrasts those who live only in physical terms (<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;&#8230;their god is their stomach,\u00a0and their glory is in their shame.\u00a0Their mind is set on earthly things&#8221;<\/em><\/span><em>)<\/em>, much like\u00a0the\u00a0Israelites\u00a0in the First Reading and the Gospel, with those who seek eternal life (<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;<em>our citizenship\u00a0is in heaven&#8221;<\/em><\/span>). A Christian practice throughout the centuries to combat the <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;god&#8230;[of the] stomach&#8221;<\/span><\/em> is fasting. It allows us to gain a more heavenly perspective of life and to temper the demands of the body.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8230;and be renewed in the spirit of your minds,\u00a0and put on the new self,\u00a0created in God&#8217;s way in righteousness and holiness of truth.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">In their previous life they had <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;deceitful desires&#8221;<\/em><\/span>, but now they are renewed. The <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;new self&#8221;<\/span><\/em> is the life created by the grace of God.\u00a0This takes place in baptism and is a constant renewing work of the Spirit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>\u201cWhen one is already clothed, how is it said that one must further \u2018put on\u2019 a new nature? <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">New clothing was once put on in baptism<\/span>. The new clothing now being put on is the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">new way of life and conduct<\/span> that <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">flows from baptism<\/span>. There one is no longer clothed by deceitful desires but by <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">God\u2019s own righteousness<\/span>\u201d<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; Saint John Chrysostom (A.D. 392-397), Homilies On The Epistle To The Ephesians, 13,4,24<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Again, this kind of language is found in several other of Paul&#8217;s letters:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ,\u00a0and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the flesh. <\/em>&#8211;\u00a0Romans 13:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8230;for all of you who were baptized into Christ\u00a0have clothed yourselves with Christ. <\/em>&#8211;\u00a0Galatians 3:27<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Whoever sows to please their flesh,\u00a0from the flesh will reap destruction;\u00a0whoever sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life.\u00a0<\/em>&#8211;\u00a0Galatians 6:8<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Baptism.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13296\" src=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/Baptism.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"278\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Gospel: John 6:24-35<\/h3>\n<p>As mentioned last week, we will be taking a break from Mark&#8217;s Gospel and hearing from John for several weeks instead. Last week we read the feeding of the multitudes. This week, we have skipped over the account of Jesus walking on water and we are now at Capernaum, Jesus&#8217; HQ.\u00a0Our Lord had previously filled the stomachs of the crowd with bread. He now tries to lead them into a deeper understanding of who He is and what He can <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">really<\/span> do for them&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">When the crowd saw that neither Jesus nor his disciples were there,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">they themselves got into boats<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">and came to Capernaum looking for Jesus.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">And when they found him across the sea they said to him,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Rabbi, when did you get here?&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">Jesus answered them and said,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Amen, amen, I say to you,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">you are looking for me not because you saw signs<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">but because you ate the loaves and were filled.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">Do not work for food that perishes\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #993300\">but for the food that endures for eternal life,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">which the Son of Man will give you.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">For on him the Father, God, has set his seal.&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">So they said to him,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;What can we do to accomplish the works of God?&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">Jesus answered and said to them,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;This is the work of God, that you believe in the one he sent.&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">So they said to him,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;What sign can you do, that we may see and believe in you?<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">What can you do?<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">Our ancestors ate manna in the desert, as it is written:<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">He gave them bread from heaven to eat.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">So Jesus said to them,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Amen, amen, I say to you,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">it was not Moses who gave the bread from heaven;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">my Father gives you the true bread from heaven.<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">For the bread of God is that which comes down from heaven<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">and gives life to the world.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">So they said to him,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Sir, give us this bread always.&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">Jesus said to them,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;I am the bread of life;<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">whoever comes to me will never hunger,<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\">and whoever believes in me will never thirst.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the context for this passage?<\/li>\n<li>Why do you think the crowd looked for Jesus?<\/li>\n<li>What do they say it&#8217;ll take to believe in Him?<\/li>\n<li>What are the\u00a0similarities\u00a0and differences between the Manna and the Bread of Life?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Commentary:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>When the crowd saw that neither Jesus nor his disciples were there, &#8230;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The crowd are looking for Jesus. They are motivated not by real faith, but by the bread they received in last week&#8217;s Gospel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">As we noted last week, it is the time of Passover, the second Passover mentioned by John:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><strong>Passover #1:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=John%202:13-12&amp;version=NIV\">John 2:13-12<\/a><br \/>\nMarriage feast of Cana and the Cleansing of the Temple.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><strong>Passover #2:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=John%206:4&amp;version=NIV\">John 6:4<\/a><br \/>\nThe feeding of the five thousand, walking on water and the bread of life discourse. \u00a0This is the Passover currently under consideration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><strong>Passover #3:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=John%2011:55&amp;version=NIV\">John 11:55<\/a><br \/>\nThe Passion, Death and Resurrection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\">John wishes to specifically tie Jesus&#8217; words to His sacrifice on\u00a0Calvary.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8230;they themselves got into boats\u00a0and came to Capernaum looking for Jesus.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Capernaum was Jesus&#8217; headquarters for His ministry in Galilee:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Leaving Nazareth, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">he went and lived in Capernaum<\/span><\/em> &#8211;\u00a0Matthew 4:13<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">It was therefore a likely place to find Him:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Once the crowd realized that neither Jesus nor his disciples were there, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">they got into the boats and went to Capernaum in search of Jesus<\/span>&#8230; He said this while teaching in <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the synagogue in Capernaum<\/span><\/em>.\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0John 6:24, 59<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>And when they found him across the sea they said to him,\u00a0&#8220;Rabbi, when did you get here?&#8221;\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The word <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Rabbi&#8221;<\/span><\/em> is used here not used as a formal title, but as a form of address, recognizing that Jesus is a teacher, someone important.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">I think it is safe to say that they came to find Jesus because they wanted another free meal&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus doesn&#8217;t answer their question. To answer this question would require telling them about His walking on water. The crowds had <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">already<\/span> tried to make him king after the feeding of multitude!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Yet after so great a miracle, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">they did not ask Him how He had passed over, or show any concern about it<\/span>&#8230; And observe their lightness of mind. After saying, &#8220;This is that Prophet, and wishing to take Him by force to make Him king&#8221;, when they find Him, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">nothing of the kind is thought of<\/span>.<\/em> &#8211; St. John Chrysostom<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">So instead of answering their question, He directs them towards spiritual realities:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>He begins to discourse, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">fills their souls with His word, whose bodies He had satisfied with bread<\/span>. &#8211;<\/em> St. Augustine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Jesus answered them and said,\u00a0&#8220;Amen, amen, &#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The word <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;amen&#8221;<\/span><\/em> means <em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;truly&#8221;<\/span><\/em>. A double <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;amen&#8221;<\/span><\/em> is a solemn oath. This means that what Jesus is about to say is extremely important!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">In the Book of Revelation, the Lord is described as <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;the Amen&#8221;<\/em><\/span>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>To the angel of the church in Laodicea\u00a0write: &#8220;These are the words of <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the Amen<\/span>, the faithful and true witness,\u00a0the ruler of God\u2019s creation&#8230;&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; Revelation 3:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;&#8230;I say to you,\u00a0you are looking for me not because you saw signs\u00a0but because you ate the loaves and were filled&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">They have missed the point of the <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;signs&#8221;<\/span><\/em> (as John calls them). They didn&#8217;t perceive the spiritual realities, they were just happy to get a free meal. They have found Jesus again in the hope to get another!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Kindness and lenity are not always expedient<\/span>. To the indolent or insensible disciple <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the spur must be applied<\/span>; and this the Son of God does. For when the multitude comes with <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">soft speeches<\/span>, &#8220;Rabbi, when came you hither?&#8221; He shows them that <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">He did not desire the honor that comes from man<\/span>, by the severity of His answer, which both exposes <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the motive on which they acted<\/span>, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">rebukes it<\/span>. &#8211; <\/em>St. John Chrysostom<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Like the Israelites in the First Reading, their minds were on their bellies. Seeking Jesus for the wrong reasons did not cease after this event:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>How many there are who seek Jesus, only to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">gain some temporary benefit<\/span>. One man has a matter of business, in which he wants the assistance of the clergy; another is oppressed by a more powerful neighbor, and flies to the Church for refuge: Jesus is scarcely ever sought for Jesus\u2019 sake. <\/em>&#8211; St. Augustine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>In their persons too <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">our Lord condemns all those within the holy Church<\/span>, who, when <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">brought near to God by sacred Orders<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">do not seek the recompense of righteousness<\/span>, but the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">interests of this present life<\/span>. To follow our Lord, when filled with bread, is to use Holy Church as a means of livelihood; and to seek our Lord not for the miracle\u2019s sake. but for the loaves, is to aspire to a religious office, not with a view to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">increase of grace<\/span>, but to add to our <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">worldly means<\/span>. &#8211; <\/em>St. Gregory<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>They too seek Jesus, not for Jesus\u2019 sake, but for something else, who ask in their prayers <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">not for eternal, but temporal blessings<\/span>. <\/em>&#8211; St. Bede<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;&#8230;Do not work for food that perishes\u00a0but for the food that endures for eternal life,\u00a0which the Son of Man will give you.&#8221;\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus directs them to the spiritual realities. They should not be looking for perishable food, but for <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;food that endures for eternal life&#8221;<\/span><\/em>.\u00a0Earthly food sustains <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">physical<\/span> life but does not satisfy <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">spiritual<\/span> hunger nor does it give <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">supernatural<\/span> life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>As if He said, you seek Me to satisfy the flesh, not the Spirit.<\/em> &#8211; St. Augustine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus invites them to seek out heavenly food which He Himself will give.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Under the figure of food He alludes to Himself you seek Me, He said, for the sake of something else; seek Me for My own sake &#8211; <\/em>St. Augustine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">It is reminicent of the words through the Prophet Isaiah:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Why do you spend your money for <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">that which is not bread<\/span>, and your labor for <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">that which does not satisfy<\/span>?&#8221;<\/em> &#8211; Isaiah 55:2<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus describes Himself using the title of <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Son of Man&#8221;<\/span><\/em>. This is the title by which He most often calls Himself in the Gospels. It is an allusion to the Book of Daniel:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em><sup>\u00a0<\/sup>\u201cIn my vision at night I looked, and there before me was <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">one like a son of man<\/span>,<span style=\"font-size: 11px\">\u00a0<\/span>coming\u00a0with the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">clouds of heaven<\/span>. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence.\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">He was given authority,\u00a0glory and sovereign power; all nations and peoples of every language worshiped him<\/span>.\u00a0His dominion is an <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">everlasting dominion<\/span> that will <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">not pass away<\/span>, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">his kingdom\u00a0is one that will never be destroyed<\/span>&#8230; As he came near the place where I was standing, I was terrified and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">fell prostrate<\/span>.\u00a0\u201cSon of man,\u201d\u00a0he said to me, \u201cunderstand that the vision concerns <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the time of the end<\/span>.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Daniel 7:13-14; \u00a08:17<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">&#8230;and also the Book of Ezekiel:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">The hand of the\u00a0Lord\u00a0was on me,\u00a0and he brought me out by the Spirit\u00a0of the\u00a0Lord\u00a0and set me in the middle of a valley;\u00a0it was full of bones.\u00a0He led me back and forth among them, and I saw a great many bones on the floor of the valley, bones that were very dry.\u00a0He asked me, \u201c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Son of man, can these bones live?<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8230;<\/em><\/span><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">And as I was prophesying, there was a noise, a rattling sound, and the bones came together, bone to bone.\u00a0I looked, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">tendons and flesh appeared on them and skin covered them<\/span>, but there was no breath in them.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8230;I prophesied as he commanded\u00a0me, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">breath entered them; they came to life and stood up on their feet<\/span>\u2014a vast army.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8230;This is what the Sovereign\u00a0Lord\u00a0says: My people, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">I am going to open your graves and bring you up from them<\/span>; I will bring you back to the land of Israel.\u00a0Then you, my people, will know that I am the\u00a0Lord,\u00a0when I open your graves and bring you up from them.\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">I will put my Spirit\u00a0in you and you will live<\/span>, and I will settle\u00a0you in your own land. Then you will know that I the\u00a0Lord\u00a0have spoken, and I have done it, declares the\u00a0Lord.\u00a0\u2019\u201d<\/em> &#8211;\u00a0Ezekiel 37:1-14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus&#8217; teaching in this section of John has many similarities with His interaction with the Samaritan woman at the well (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=John%204:1-26&amp;version=NIV\">John 4:1-26<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;For on him the Father, God, has set his seal&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus is the chosen one of God:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>In view of all this, we are making a binding agreement,\u00a0putting it in writing,\u00a0and our leaders, our Levites and our priests are <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">affixing their seals to it<\/span>.<\/em> &#8211;\u00a0Nehemiah 9:38<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Place me like a seal over your heart,\u00a0like a seal on your arm;\u00a0for love\u00a0is as strong as death,its jealousy\u00a0unyielding as the grave.\u00a0It burns like blazing fire,\u00a0like a mighty flame.<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">\u00a0<\/span>&#8211; Song of Songs 8:6<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Or sealed, i.e. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">sent Him for this purpose,<\/span> viz. to bring us food; or, sealed, was <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">revealed the Gospel by means of His witness<\/span>. <\/em>&#8211; St. John Chrysostom<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>A seal throws out a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">perfect impression of the stamp<\/span>, at the same time that it takes in that impression. This is not a perfect illustration of the Divine nativity: for sealing supposes matter, different kinds of matter, the impression of harder upon softer. Yet He who was God Only-Begotten, and the Son of man only by the Sacrament of our salvation, makes use of it to express the Father\u2019s fullness as stamped upon Himself. He wishes to show the Jews He has the power of giving the eternal meat, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">because He contained in Himself the fullness of God<\/span>. &#8211; \u00a0St. Hilary<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>So they said to him,\u00a0&#8220;What can we do to accomplish the works of God?&#8221;\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">His listeners want to know how they are to work for the food which will not perish.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>They understood that the meat, which remains to eternal life, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">was the work of God<\/span>: and therefore they ask Him what to do to work the work of God, i.e. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">obtain the meat<\/span> &#8211; <\/em>Alcuin<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>i.e. By <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">keeping what commandments<\/span> shall we be able to fulfill the law of God? <\/em>&#8211; St. Bede<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Jesus answered and said to them,\u00a0&#8220;This is the work of God, that you believe in the one he sent.&#8221;\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">They are called to believe.\u00a0Jesus speaks of the centrality of faith.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>He does not say, &#8220;That you <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">believe Him<\/span>&#8220;, but, &#8220;that you <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">believe in Him<\/span>&#8220;. For <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">the devils believed Him<\/span>, and did not <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">believe in Him<\/span>; and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">we believe Paul<\/span>, but <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">do not believe in Paul<\/span>. To believe in Him is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">believing to love<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">believing to honor Him<\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">believing to go to Him<\/span>, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">be made members incorporate of His Body<\/span>. The faith, which God requires of us, is that which <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">works by love<\/span>.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><em>Faith indeed is distinguished from works by the Apostle, who says, &#8220;That man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law&#8221;. But the works indeed which appear good, without faith in Christ, are not really so, not being <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">referred to that end, which makes them good<\/span>. For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believes. And therefore <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">our Lord would not separate faith from works<\/span>, but said that faith itself was the doing the work of God; He said not, This is your work, but, This is the work of God, that you believe in Him: in order that he that glories might glory in the Lord. <\/em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; St. Augustine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>So they said to him,\u00a0&#8220;What sign can you do, that we may see and believe in you?\u00a0What can you do?\u00a0Our ancestors ate manna in the desert, as it is written:\u00a0He gave them bread from heaven to eat.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">They want another sign! Had <em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;The Feeding of the Multitudes&#8221;<\/span><\/em> faded from their memories so soon? They are just like their ancestors in the First Reading.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Nothing can be more <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">unreasonable<\/span> than their asking for another miracle, as if none had been given already. And they <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">do not even leave the choice of the miracle<\/span> to our Lord; but would oblige Him to give them just that sign, which was given to their fathers: &#8220;Our fathers did eat manna in the desert&#8221;. <\/em>&#8211; St. John Chrysostom<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">It was a popular expectation at the time that when the Messiah came he would renew the sending of the manna.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The people might also be implying here that Jesus&#8217; recent miracle was a lesser miracle to that of Moses:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>The multitude therefore remembering what Moses had done, and wishing for some greater miracle, say, as it were, you promise the meat which perishes not, and does not works equal to those Moses did. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">He gave us not barley loaves, but manna from heaven<\/span>.\u00a0<\/em>&#8211; St. Augustine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Number of People<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Jesus:<\/strong> 5,000<br \/>\n<strong>Moses:<\/strong> A nation<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Occurrences<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Jesus:<\/strong> Once<br \/>\n<strong>Moses:<\/strong> 40 years<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Kind of Food<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Jesus:<\/strong> Ordinary earthly bread<br \/>\n<strong>Moses:<\/strong> Bread from heaven<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">However, there are a few things that need to be said in respect to this. Despite the fact that the manna was given\u00a0<span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;from heaven&#8221;<\/em><\/span>, it was perishable, melting away\u00a0every morning and going bad if stored (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=Exodus%2016:21;%2019-20&amp;version=NIV\">Exodus 16:21; 19-20<\/a>). Also,\u00a0all those who ate it became hungry again. In fact, all those who ate it eventually died (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biblegateway.com\/passage\/?search=John%206:49&amp;version=NIV\">John 6:49<\/a>). Not only that, they all died before entering into their destination, the Promised Land. This is all about to be contrasted with the <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;bread of life&#8221;<\/em><\/span>&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">This sounds very much like the conversation Jesus had with the Woman at the Well, who compares Jesus with Jacob:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-size: 11px\">A<\/span>re you greater than our father Jacob<\/span>, who gave us the well\u00a0and drank from it himself, as did also his sons and his livestock?\u201d<\/em> &#8211; John 4:12<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>So Jesus said to them,\u00a0&#8220;Amen, amen, I say to you, &#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">We have another &#8220;Amen, amen, &#8230;&#8221;. What Jesus is about to say is important!<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;&#8230;it was not Moses who gave the bread from heaven; <em>my Father gives you the true bread from heaven<\/em>&#8221; <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus makes the point that it was, in fact God, not Moses, who gave the manna. Note that there is also a tense change here: <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;Moses&#8230;gave, &#8230; my Father gives&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;For the bread of God is that which comes down from heaven\u00a0and gives life to the world.&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">\u00a0Note that <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Bread from Heaven&#8221;<\/span><\/em> now becomes <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;Bread of God&#8221;<\/span><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus now uses the miracle of the manna to talk about something more important, the bread of life, the Eucharist:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>&#8230;the medicine of immortality, the antidote against death, and\u00a0everlasting life in Jesus Christ<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; Ignatius of Antioch (35-107 A.D.),\u00a0Ad Eph. 20,2<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">The manna was a figure which pointed forward to something:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>As if He said, &#8220;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">That manna was the type of this food<\/span>, of which I just now spoke; and which all my miracles refer to. You like my miracles, you despise what is signified by them&#8221;. This<\/em><\/span><em>\u00a0bread which God gives, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">which this manna represented<\/span>, is the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Lord Jesus Christ<\/span>, as we read next, &#8220;For the bread of God is He which comes down from hearer, and gives life to the world&#8221;. <\/em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8211; St. Augustine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>So they said to him,\u00a0&#8220;Sir, give us this bread always.&#8221;\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">They want it! Again, this sounds like the Samaritan woman at the well:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>As the woman of Samaria, when our Lord told her, &#8220;Whosoever drinks of this water shall never thirst&#8221;, thought He meant natural water, and said, &#8220;Sir, give me this water, that she might never be in want of it again&#8221;: in the same way these say, &#8220;Give us this bread, which refreshes, supports, and fails not&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; St. Augustine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Jesus said to them,\u00a0&#8220;I am the bread of life;\u00a0whoever comes to me will never hunger,\u00a0and whoever believes in me will never thirst.&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">Jesus specifically identifies Himself as the bread. What Jesus says is again similar to what He says to the woman at the well.\u00a0Jesus makes quite a claim here, saying that He can satisfy our deepest hunger and thirst.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><em>Or, &#8220;shall never hunger or thirst&#8221;, i.e. shall <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">never be wearied<\/span> of hearing the word of God, and shall <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">never thirst<\/span> as to the understanding: as though He had not the water of baptism, and the sanctification of the Spirit.<\/em> &#8211; Theophyl<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">This is the first of the seven <em><span style=\"color: #993300\">&#8220;I AM&#8221;<\/span><\/em> sayings of Jesus in John&#8217;s Gospel. The <span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>&#8220;I AM&#8221;<\/em><\/span> is an echo of God&#8217;s words to Moses:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>God said to Moses, \u201cI am who <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">I am<\/span>. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: \u2018<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">I am<\/span> has sent me to you.\u2019\u201d<\/em> &#8211; Exodus 3:14<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\"><a title=\"You say goodbye and I say halo\u2026\" href=\"http:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/2011\/08\/28\/halo-letters-in-icons\/\">We see these words on icons (usually written in Greek) on Christ&#8217;s halo.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px\">There then follows the the Gospel the <em><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8220;Bread of Life Discourse&#8221;<\/span><\/em> which we&#8217;ll hear next week which causes the people to ask who Jesus really is&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">\u00a0<em>He calls Himself the true bread, because the only-begotten Son of God, made man, was principally <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">signified by the manna<\/span>. For manna means literally, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">&#8220;what is this&#8221;<\/span>? The Israelites were astonished at first on finding it, and asked one another what it was. And the Son of God, made man, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">is in an especial sense this mysterious manna<\/span>, which we ask about, saying, What is this? How can the Son of God be the Son of man? How can one person consist of two natures? <\/em>&#8211; Theophyl<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I&#8217;ve been on vacation this week so my notes are late and not quite as polished as they are normally. Eighteenth Sunday in Ordinary Time: 2nd August, 2012 Our Readings this week focus again on the subject of sacred food. In the First Reading, we read how the Israelites were fed with manna in the desert.\u00a0The manna is also the<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[187,746,2969,307,1379,306],"class_list":["post-13242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sunday-lectionary","tag-baptism","tag-bread","tag-featured","tag-hunger","tag-manna","tag-thirst"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13242"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56528,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13242\/revisions\/56528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restlesspilgrim.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}