Why Go To Church When I Can Pray At Home?

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I saw on Twitter a few weeks ago a Protestant minister asking her Twitter followers how they would respond to someone who doesn’t see why they should go to church on Sunday. I don’t think there’s a compelling argument that can really be given for this if one begins with “general” Protestant presuppositions. However, I wanted to put together a post of what some Saints of history have said on the matter…

St. John Chrysostom answers this question briefly when he writes:

They say: ‘We can pray at home.’ You are deceiving yourself, O man! Of course,

one can pray at home. But it is impossible to pray there as in church, where such

a multitude of hearts are uplifted to God, merging into one unanimous cry. You

will not be so quickly heard while praying to the Master by yourself, as when

praying together with your brethren, for here in church there is something

greater than in your room: Agreement, unanimity, the bond of love, and finally

here are the prayers of the priests.

The priests stand before us, then, so that the prayers of the people, being weak,

would be united to their more powerful prayers and together with them ascend to

heaven. The Apostle Peter was freed from prison, thanks to the common prayers

offered for him…. (Act 12:5-17). If the Church’s prayer was so beneficial for the

Apostle Peter and delivered such a pillar of the faith from prison, why, tell me, do

you disdain its power and what kind of justification can you have for this. Listen

to God Himself, Who says that the multitude of people who pray to him with

fervor moves Him to have mercy. He says to the Prophet Jonah: ‘Shall I not spare

Nineveh, that great city, in which dwell more than 120 thousand people.’ He did

not simply mention the multitude of people but that you might know that prayer

together has great power.

St. John Crysostom

St. John of Kronstadt adds:

Here in church is the one thing needful; here is a refuge from vanity and the

storms of life; here is the calm harbor for souls seeking salvation; here is

incorrupt food and drink for souls; here is the light, which enlightens every man

who comes into the world; here is pure spiritual air; here is the well of living water

springing up into everlasting life (John 4:14); here the gifts of the Holy Spirit are

distributed; here is the cleansing of souls. … Here in church, a man will come to

know the true nobility of his soul, the value of life and its aim or his assigned path;

here he dispels the fascination of worldly vanity and worldly passions by

acquiring sobriety in his soul; here he comes to know his destiny, both temporal

and eternal; here he comes to know his bitter, profound fall and seduction by sin;

here the Savior is to be found, particularly in His holy and life, creating Mysteries,

and His salvation; here a man comes to know his true relationship with God and

his neighbor or with his family and the society in which he lives. The church is an

earthly heaven, the place where the closest union with the Divinity occurs; it is a

heavenly school which prepares Christians for heavenly citizenship, teaching

them about the ways of heaven, about the dwellings of heaven; it is the threshold

of heaven; it is the place for common prayer, for thanksgiving, for glorifying the

Triune God, Who created and preserves everything; it is unity with the angels.

What is more precious and more honorable that the church? Nothing. During the

divine service, as on a chart, the whole destiny of the human race is depicted,

from beginning to end. The divine service is the alpha and omega of the destiny of

the world and of men.

St. John of Kronstadt

However, I think St. Ignatius of Antioch is most powerful:

For if I in this brief space of time, have enjoyed such fellowship with your bishop — I mean not of a mere human, but of a spiritual nature — how much more do I reckon you happy who are so joined to him as the Church is to Jesus Christ, and as Jesus Christ is to the Father, that so all things may agree in unity! Let no man deceive himself: if any one be not within the altar, he is deprived of the bread of God. For if the prayer of one or two possesses Matthew 18:19 such power, how much more that of the bishop and the whole Church! He, therefore, that does not assemble with the Church, has even by this manifested his pride, and condemned himself. For it is written, God resists the proud. Let us be careful, then, not to set ourselves in opposition to the bishop, in order that we may be subject to God.

The Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians

Restless Heart: 11 – “The Early Church Fathers”

Fathers

In this week’s episode, we return to the Early Church and discuss the successors to the Apostles, known as the Early Church Fathers. Somehow Nessa manages to talk about relationships… :-/

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Episode 11: The Early Church Fathers (Download)

 

— Show Notes —

* I spent last weekend at the Catholic Man Show Campout. This was a camping weekend for the supporters of The Catholic Man Show podcast. We stayed at Clear Creak Abbey near Tulsa in Oklahoma.

* The Early Church Fathers are the successors to the Apostles.

* We previously discussed St. Justin Martyr, an Early Church Father, in Episode #1 of this podcast when we looked at worship in the Early Church.

* I mentioned my article I’ve written called “Before 300” where I outline 21 documented beliefs of Christians prior to the rise of the Emperor Constantine:

Part #1: The Church
1. The Church is Catholic
2. The Church has a three-fold structure of leadership
3. There is unity through episcopal authority and schism is evil
4. Sacred Tradition is authoritative
5. Worship is liturgical
6. There is Apostolic Succession
7. Peter has Primacy

Part #2: Salvation & Sacraments
1. The Eucharist is a Sacrifice
2. Jesus is truly present in the Eucharist
3. The Eucharist is taken to the sick
4. Infants are to be baptized
5. Baptism actually washes away sin
6. Priests forgive sins
7. Works are involved in salvation

Part #3: The Saints and Our Lady
1. Prayers are said for the dead
2. There is purgation after death
3. Relics are venerated and Saints are celebrated
4. Mary is the New Eve
5. Mary was a perpetual virgin
6. Mary is the Mother of God
7. Prayers are made and songs are sung to Mary

* While there is a definitive list of Doctors of the Church, there isn’t really a definitive list of Early Church Fathers. However, they have traditionally been recognized by four marks:

1. Antiquity
Did this person live sometime between the time of Christ and the end of the 8th Century? This span of time is called the “Patristic Era” (“Patristic” simply means relating to the Early Church Fathers).

2. Sanctity
Did this person live a life of outstanding holiness? Is this person a canonized Saint?

3. Orthodoxy
Did this person hold heretical views? Tertullian and Origen are two early Christians who are typically disqualified here due to some of their erroneous beliefs. We therefore instead give them the title of “Early Ecclesiastical Writers”.

4. Church Recognition and Approval
Has the Church and Christians throughout history generally referred to this person as a Father of the Church?

* There were about one hundred Early Church Fathers.

* The Early Church Fathers of the 1st and 2nd Centuries are usually called the “Apostolic Fathers” since they were born during the era of the Apostles.

* We then briefly spoke about three Apostolic Fathers:

1. St. Clement of Rome

* A successor to St. Peter as Bishop of Rome

* He wrote a letter to the Church at Corinth (AD ~96) in response to the ejection of their clergy

* In the letter he gives many Old Testament examples of those who flaunted God-given authority and who suffered the consequences

* In a particularly beautiful passage reminiscent of 1 Corinthians 13, Clement exhorts the Corinthians to love. I had a small rant about 1 Corinthians 13, pointing out that Paul is speaking of “agape” love rather than “eros” love.

2. St. Ignatius of Antioch

* A successor to St. Peter as Bishop of Antioch

* Taken to Rome in chains (AD ~107) to be thrown to wild animals

* Wrote seven letters, one to St. Polycarp (see below), several to nearby Churches and one to the Church in Rome

* In his letter to the Roman Church he begs them to not interfere with his coming martyrdom: “I beseech of you not to show an unseasonable goodwill towards me. Suffer me to become food for the wild beasts, through whose instrumentality it will be granted me to attain to God. I am the wheat of God, and am ground by the teeth of the wild beasts, that I may be found the pure bread of God”

3. St. Polycarp of Smyrna 

* Bishop of Smyrna

* We have a letter he wrote to the Philippians, as well as an account of his martyrdom.

* In the account of his martyrdom, the Governor tells Polycarp to say “Caesar is Lord”, but Polycarp knew that “Christ/Jesus is Lord”. He was told to “revile Christ”, but he responded: “Eighty-six years have I served Him, and He never did me any wrong: how then dare I blaspheme my King and my Saviour?”

* Prior to being burned alive, Polycarp gives a prayer which sounds an awful lot like a Eucharistic Prayer.

* As he was burned, people reported the smell of baking bread.

* Some Jews claimed that the Christians might start worshipping Polycarp after his death. The author of the Martyrdom account says the following: “They did not realize that we could never abandon Christ, He who suffered for our salvation – the blameless one for sinners! – or worship any other. Him we worship as being the Son of God, the martyrs we love as being disciples and imitators of the Lord; and deservedly so, because of their unsurpassable devotion to their King and Teacher. May it be our good fortune, too, to be their companions and fellow disciples!”

* After his death, the Christians gathered Polycarp’s relics and and interred them in a fitting place: “There the Lord will permit us, as far as possible, to assemble in rapturous joy and celebrate his martyrdom – his birthday – both in order to commemorate the heroes that have gone before, and to train the heroes yet to come…”

* In last week’s episode, we spoke about another Early Church Father, St. Basil of Caesarea.

* If you would like to learn more about the Early Church Fathers, I have put together a blog point full of free resources. My favourite book on the subject is “When the Church was Young” by Dr. Marcellino D’Ambrosio.

* If you would like to read what the different Fathers wrote about the Sunday Gospel, you can look it up using the Catena Aurea (“Golden Chain”), a collection of patristic commentary which was assembled by St. Thomas Aquinas. You can also get it on your mobile!

* Towards the end of the show, I read some extended quotations from Tertullian and St. John Chrysostom on the subject of love and romance.

* Blessed John Henry Newman (1801 – 1890), an Anglican convert to Catholicism, said that “To go deep into history is to cease to be Protestant”

* Don’t just read the Fathers for apologetics, read them so as to discover examples to follow.

* Happy Halloween!

Restless Heart: 5 – “Intercommunion”

Communion

Unfortunately, this episode I’m flying solo! Nessa wasn’t able to make it so I thought it best to record on my own, rather than let another week pass without a new episode. In today’s episode I tackle the delicate subject of “Intercommunion” and explain why, under normal circumstances, the Eucharist is not given to non-Catholic Christians.

Episode 5: Intercommunion (Download)

 

— Notes —

* This episode was based on a two-part series I wrote a few years ago.

* I quote from two Early Church Fathers in this episode. The first is St. Justin Martyr:

“This food we call [the Eucharist], and no one is allowed to partake but he who believes that our doctrines are true, who has been washed with the washing for the remission of sins and rebirth, and who is living as Christ has enjoined… “

“…We do not receive these as common bread and drink. For Jesus Christ our Saviour, made flesh by the Word of God, had both flesh and blood for our salvation. Likewise, we have been taught that the food blessed by the prayer of his word…is the flesh and blood of Jesus who was made flesh.”

– Justin Martyr, First Apology, Chapter 66 (~ AD 150)

* The second Father I quote is St. Ignatius of Antioch:

“They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, because they do not confess the Eucharist is the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ, which suffered for our sins, and which the Father, in His loving-kindness, raised from the dead”

– Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Smyrnaeans, Chapter 7 (~AD 97)

* I also quote from a portion of one of St. Paul’s letters:

“Whoever, therefore, eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of profaning the body and blood of the Lord. Let a man examine himself, and so eat of the bread and drink of the cup. For any one who eats and drinks without discerning the body eats and drinks judgment upon himself. That is why many of you are weak and ill, and some have died”

– 1 Corinthians 11:29–30

* The Spiritual Communion prayer I quote is as follows:

“My Jesus, I believe that You are present in the Most Holy Sacrament. I love You above all things, and I desire to receive You into my soul. Since I cannot at this moment receive You sacramentally, come at least spiritually into my heart. I embrace You as if You were already there and unite myself wholly to You. Never permit me to be separated from You. Amen”

Please subscribe to this podcast using iTunes and Google Play and if you have any feedback or would like to pose a question for an upcoming episode, you can send us a message from the website or tweet us at @davidandnessa.

Paternal Protestations

As you’ll see from the categorization of this entry, this is an apologetics post. In this article I am going to be defending the use of the writings of the Early Church Fathers in demonstrating the historicity and veracity of the Catholic Faith.

The problem with writing a defence of anything is that, even with the best will in the world, it’s still easy to come across as though you’re attacking those to whom you are responding.

So, if you’re reading this post and you feel that it comes across as Protestant-bashing then I’m truly sorry.  This is certainly not my intention.  In fact, this was one of the reasons why I penned the Ecumenical Apologist entry, to try and dispel such charges. In this post I simply want to present something of an explanation as to why one should care about the Early Church Fathers.

Forgotten Treasure

On the occasions when I’ve been engaged in apologetics with non-Catholic Christians I’ve often mentioned the Early Fathers.  I’m usually met with blank stares.  The Early who?! Unfortunately, like Catholics, our separated brethren haven’t read much of the Early Church Fathers either 🙁

One of my hopes for this blog is that it will encourage both groups to read the Fathers and learn more about our common heritage.  The Early Church Fathers are fundamentally important in ecumenical work since they were living in a time prior to the divisions of the Great East/West Schism and the Reformation.

On the odd occasion when I do encounter non-Catholics who have heard of the Fathers, they usually only have second-hand information and have actually not read any of their writings.  This is not true of all non-Catholics, of course, but in my limited experience it has at least been the larger majority. It should come as no surprise then, upon meeting Catholic or Protestant Christians unfamiliar with the Fathers, I immediately encourage them to begin by reading the letters of my favourite Early Church Father, St. Ignatius of Antioch 🙂

How You Shouldn’t Treat The Fathers

Yesterday, Joe over at Shameless Popery wrote a great post entitled Three Ways You Shouldn’t Treat The Church Fathers. Here were his three points:

Wrong Way #1: Ignoring or Fearing the Church Fathers
Reason: It Reduces Christianity to Incoherence

Wrong Way #2: Exploiting the Church Fathers
Reason: It Doesn’t Treat the Fathers Honestly

Wrong Way #3: Treating the Church Fathers as Infallible
Reason: The Fathers Occasionally Disagree

In this blog post I would like to talk a little bit about the third item. In apologetic exchanges I have often had to correct the non-Catholic assertion that we regard the Fathers as infallible. We don’t. As Joe points out, the Fathers occasionally disagree. It is on this point that I sometimes hear another objection. Here is what someone recently wrote to me:

“The fathers didn’t agree on every matter of doctrine so their opinion is no more reliable than anyone else’s. There were some heated arguments between some of them.  In what way are they different from two modern-day non-Catholic pastors disagreeing over a certain interpretation of the Bible?

I would like to take the rest of this blog entry to address this objection.

Read more

Our Traditional Family Meal

On Thursday I wrote a little bit about John 6 and the Eucharist in response to a conversation I had with Gerry, a non-Catholic. Today I would to take a very brief tour of the belief in the Eucharist in Early Church.

Fathers

The problem with saying that Jesus is only symbolically present in the Eucharist is that apparently nobody told this to the Early Church. Below are a collection of quotations from Christian documents of the 1st and 2nd Century. These demonstrate without a doubt that Christians have, from the earliest times, understood the Eucharist to be a sacrifice performed by priests in which Jesus Christ is truly present:

Read more

A little bit on the Eucharist

I was looking through some old emails I wrote several years ago to a friend who was leaving the Catholic Church. Here’s the short section I wrote about the Eucharist…

The Eucharist

From the conversation we had, I’m not particularly sure whether or not you still believe in Jesus’ Real Presence in the Eucharist, so in case you do, I’ll be brief.  Denial of Jesus’ Real Presence in the Eucharist is a very common teaching among many Protestant denominations (but as always, not universally).

Scripture

The Eucharist was a central part of life for the Apostles (Acts 2:42) yet in most Protestant churches Holy Communion is pretty rare.  If the Eucharist is only symbolic, why is unworthy reception of the Eucharist (1 Cor 11:27-30) spoken of in such strong, sacrilegious, life-and-death terms?  Scripture records Jesus saying in John 6:35-70 that we must eat His body and drink His blood.  If he was only speaking symbolically why did he lose so many followers that day?

Church History

Outside of Scripture, something that you will find without exception among the Early Church Fathers is the belief that Jesus is truly present in the Eucharist.  The Eucharist is one of the central topics examined in the Didache (70-90 AD), probably the earliest Christian writing not to be included in the canon of the Bible. This First Century document calls the Eucharist a “sacrifice”.

As you may have now read, St. Ignatius of Antioch (96 AD) described the Eucharist as “the medicine of immortality and described the Gnostics as those who “abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins and which that Father, in his goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes.”Letter to the Smyrnaeans 6

The historical witness for this doctrine is undeniable. Absolutely undeniable.

Whilst I was still in my rather anti-Catholic phase I heard someone say “If you say you’re not being fed in the Catholic Church then you clearly don’t know who you’re eating”.  As much as this sounded arrogant and as much as it irritated me, it did prompt me to really examine the teaching of the Eucharist because, if it was true, to miss out would be a tragedy.

last supper